Inorganic Reactions and Methods V 2 – Formation of Bonds to Hydrogen Pt 2

J. J. Zuckerman is the editor of Inorganic Reactions and Methods, Volume 2, The Formation of the Bond to Hydrogen, Part 2, published by Wiley. A. P. Hagen is the editor of Inorganic Reactions and Methods, Volume 2, The Formation of the Bond to Hydrogen, Part 2, published by Wiley.

How to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 2 1. The Formation of the Bond to Hydrogen (Part 2) 1.5. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Elements of Group VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) 1.5.1. Introduction 1.5.2. by Reaction of Hydrogen 1.5.2.1. with Nitrogen 1.5.2.1.1. from the Elements. 1.5.2.1.2. from Compounds. 1.5.2.2. with Phosphorus. 1.5.2.3. with Arsenic. 1.5.2.4. with Antimony. 1.5.2.5. with Bismuth. 1.5.3. by Protonation 1.5.3.1. of Nitrogen 1.5.3.1.1. in Aqueous Systems. 1.5.3.1.2. in Other Protonic Solvents. 1.5.3.1.3. with Protonic Acids in Nonprotonic Solvents. 1.5.3.2. of Phosphorus and Phosphorous Compounds 1.5.3.2.1. in Aqueous Systems. 1.5.3.2.2. in Other Protonic Solvents. 1.5.3.2.3. with Protonic Acids in Nonprotonic Solvents. 1.5.3.3. of Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds 1.5.3.3.1. in Aqueous Systems. 1.5.3.3.2. in Other Protonic Solvents. 1.5.3.3.3. with Protonic Acids in Nonprotonic Solvents. 1.5.3.4. of Antimony. 1.5.3.5. of Bismuth. 1.5.4. by Reactions of Hydrides 1.5.4.1. with Compounds of Nitrogen 1.5.4.1.1. Involving Binary Ionic Hydrides. 1.5.4.1.2. Involving Binary Covalent Hydrides. 1.5.4.1.3. Involving Exchange Cleavage. 1.5.4.1.4. Involving Redistribution Disproportionation. 1.5.4.2. with Compounds of Phosphorus 1.5.4.2.1. Involving Ionic Hydrides. 1.5.4.2.2. Involving Covalent Hydrides. 1.5.4.2.3. Involving Exchange. 1.5.4.2.4. involving Redistribution Disproportionation. 1.5.4.3. with Compounds of Arsenic. 1.5.4.4. with Compounds of Antimony. 1.5.4.5. with Compounds of Bismuth. 1.5.5. by Reaction of Complex Hydrides 1.5.5.1. with Compounds of Nitrogen. 1.5.5.2. with Compounds of Phosphorus 1.5.5.2.1. Involving Halides. 1.5.5.2.2. Involving Oxygen Compounds. 1.5.5.2.3. involving Other Derivatives. 1.5.5.3. with Compounds of Arsenic 1.5.5.3.1. Involving Halides. 1.5.5.3.2. Involving Oxygen Compounds. 1.5.5.4. with Compounds of Antimony. 1.5.5.5. with Compounds of Bismuth. 1.5.6. by Industrial Processes 1.5.6.1. with Compounds of Nitrogen. 1.5.6.2. with Compounds of Phosphorus. 1.5.6.3. with Compounds of Arsenic. 1.5.6.4. with Compounds of Antimony. 1.5.7. The Synthesis of Deuterium Derivatives 1.5.7.1. by Interconversion of Deuterated Compounds 1.5.7.1.1. Involving Nitrogen. 1.5.7.1.2. Involving Phosphorus. 1.5.7.1.3. Involving Arsenic. 1.5.7.1.4. Involving Antimony. 1.5.7.1.5. Involving Bismuth. 1.5.7.2. by Isotopic Enrichment Using Chemical Reactions 1.5.7.2.1. of Nitrogen Compounds. 1.5.7.2.2. of Phosphorous Compounds. 1.5.7.2.3. of Arsenic Compounds. 1.6. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Elements of Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) 1.6.1. introduction 1.6.2. from the Elements 1.6.2.1. Giving Hydrides of Carbon 1.6.2.1.1. from Elemental Carbon. 1.6.2.1.2. from Elemental Hydrogen. 1.6.2.2. Giving Hydrides of Silicon. 1.6.2.3. Giving Hydrides of Germanium. 1.6.2.4. Giving Hydrides of Tin. 1.6.2.5. Giving Hydrides of Lead. 1.6.3. by Reactions of Group IVB Anionic Derivatives 1.6.3.1. Giving Carbides 1.6.3.1.1. from Protonic Species in Water. 1.6.3.1.2. from Protonic Species in Liquid Ammonia. 1.6.3.1.3. from Protonic Species in Other Solvents. 1.6.3.2. Giving Silicides 1.6.3.2.1. from Protonic Species in Water. 1.6.3.2.2. from Protonic Species in Liquid Ammonia. 1.6.3.2.3. from Protonic Species in Other Solvents. 1.6.3.3. Giving Germanides 1.6.3.3.1. from Protonic Species in Water. 1.6.3.3.2. from Protonic Species in Liquid Ammonia. 1.6.3.3.3. from Protonic Acids in Other Solvents. 1.6.3.4. Giving Stannides 1.6.3.4.1. from Protonic Species in Water. 1.6.3.4.2. from Protonic Species in Liquid Ammonia. 1.6.3.4.3. from Protonic Species in Other Solvents. 1.6.3.5. Giving Plumbides. 1.6.4. by Reactions of Hydrides 1.6.4.1. with Compounds of Carbon 1.6.4.1.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.4.1.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.4.1.3. Giving Nitrogen Compounds. 1.6.4.1.4. Giving Compounds with Carbon Carbon Multiple Bonds. 1.6.4.1.5. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.4.2. with Compounds of Silicon 1.6.4.2.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.4.2.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.4.2.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.4.3. with Compounds of Germanium 1.6.4.3.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.4.3.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.4.3.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.4.4. with Compounds of Tin 1.6.4.4.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.4.4.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds 1.6.4.4.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.4.5. with Compounds of Lead 1.6.4.5.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.4.5.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.4.5.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.5. by Reactions of Complex Hydrides 1.6.5.1. with Carbon Compounds 1.6.5.1.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.5.1.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.5.1.3. Giving Nitrogen Compounds. 1.6.5.1.4. Giving Compounds with Carbon Carbon Multiple Bonds. 1.6.5.2. with Silicon Compounds 1.6.5.2.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.5.2.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.5.2.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.5.3. with Germanium Compounds 1.6.5.3.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.5.3.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.5.3.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.5.4. with Tin Compounds 1.6.5.4.1. Giving Halides. 1.6.5.4.2. Giving Oxygen Compounds. 1.6.5.4.3. Giving Other Derivatives. 1.6.5.5. with Lead Compounds. 1.6.6. by Industrial Processes 1.6.6.1. with Compounds of Carbon. 1.6.6.2. with Compounds of Silicon. 1.6.6.3. with Compounds of Germanium. 1.6.6.4. with Compounds of Tin. 1.6.7. The Synthesis of Deuterium Derivatives 1.6.7.1. by Interconversion of Deuterated Compounds 1.6.7.1.1. Involving Carbon. 1.6.7.1.2. Involving Silanes. 1.6.7.1.3. Involving Germanes. 1.6.7.1.4. Involving Stannanes. 1.6.7.1.5. Involving Plumbanes. 1.6.7.2. by Isotopic Enrichment Using Chemical Reactions 1.6.7.2.1. of Carbon Compounds. 1.6.7.2.2. of Silanes. 1.6.7.2.3. of Germanes. 1.7. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Elements of Group IIIB (B, AI, Ga, In, TI) 1.7.1. Introduction 1.7.2. from the Elements. 1.7.3. from Group IIIB Derivatives, Excluding Reactions of Hydrides and Complex Hydrides 1.7.3.1. Involving the Borides. 1.7.3.2. Involving the Reduction of Group IIIB Derivatives with Covalent Hydrides. 1.7.3.3. Involving Other Reactions. 1.7.4. from the Hydride Ion 1.7.4.1. with Compounds of Boron 1.7.4.1.1. Involving Halides. 1.7.4.1.2. Involving Oxygen Compounds. 1.7.4.1.3. Involving Nitrogen Compounds. 1.7.4.1.4. Involving Other Compounds. 1.7.4.2. with Compounds of Aluminum. 1.7.4.3. with Compounds of Gallium. 1.7.4.4. with Compounds of Indium. 1.7.4.5. with Compounds of Thallium. 1.7.5. from Complex Hydrides 1.7.5.1. with Compounds of Boron. 1.7.5.2. with Compounds of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium and Thallium. 1.7.6. by Industrial Processes. 1.7.7. The Synthesis of Deuterium Derivatives 1.7.7.1. by Isotopic Exchange. 1.7.7.2. by Isotope Enrichment Using Chemical Reactions. 1.8. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Metals of Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sn, Ba, Ra) 1.8.1. Introduction 1.8.2. Alkali Metal Hydrides 1.8.2.1. Lithium Hydride 1.8.2.2. Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium and Cesium Hydrides 1.8.3. Alkaline Earth Metal Hydrides 1.8.3.1. Beryllium Hydride 1.8.3.2. Magnesium Hydride 1.8.3.3. Calcium, Strontium and Barium Hydrides 1.9. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Metals of Group IB (Cu, Ag, Au) or lib (Zn, Cd, Hg) 1.9.1. Introduction 1.9.2. from the Elements. 1.9.3. by Reactions with Hydrogen Atoms and Ions with Compounds of Group IB. 1.9.4. by Reactions of Hydride Ion 1.9.4.1. with Compounds of Group IB. 1.9.4.2. with Compounds of Group IIB. 1.9.5. by Reactions with Neutral and Anionic Metal Hydrides 1.9.5.1. with Compounds of Group IB. 1.9.5.2. with Compounds of Group IIB. 1.9.6. by Other Methods for Group IB and IIB Metal Hydrides. 1.10. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Transition and Inner Transition Metals 1.10.1. Introduction 1.10.2. from the Elements. 1.10.3. by Hydrogenation 1.10.3.1. of Metal Oxides. 1.10.3.2. of Metal Salts. 1.10.3.3. of Metal Carbonyls. 1.10.4. by Oxidative Addition of Hydrogen 1.10.4.1. to Neutral, Coordinatively Unsaturated Species 1.10.4.1.1. Involving Iridium. 1.10.4.1.2. Involving Platinum. 1.10.4.1.3. Involving Rhodium. 1.10.4.1.4. Involving Fe - Ir and Ta - Ta Clusters. 1.10.4.2. to Cationic, Coordinatively and Unsaturated Species of Rhodium, Ruthenium and Iridium. 1.10.4.3. to Neutral Species with Replacement of Coordinated Ligands 1.10.4.3.1. Involving Niobium, Tantalum and Zirconium. 1.10.4.3.2. Involving Molybdenum and Rhenium. 1.10.4.3.3. Involving Ruthenium and Mixed Metal Ruthenium Clusters. 1.10.4.3.4. Involving Iron, Osmium, Rhodium, Iridium and Platinum. 1.10.4.4. to Cationic Species of Iridium, Rhodium and Platinum with Replacement of Coordinated Ligands. 1.10.5. by Oxidative Addition to Metal Complexes 1.10.5.1. of Hydrogen Halides. 1.10.5.2. of Hydrogen Boron Bonds. 1.10.5.3. of Hydrogen Carbon Bonds. 1.10.5.4. of Hydrogen Other Group IVB Element Bonds. 1.10.5.5. of Hydrogen Group VB Element Bonds 1.10.5.5.1. Involving Hydrogen Nitrogen Bonds. 1.10.5.5.2. Involving Hydrogen Phosphorus Bonds. 1.10.5.6. of Hydrogen Group VIB Element Bonds 1.10.5.6.1. Involving Hydrogen Oxygen Bonds. 1.10.5.6.2. Involving Hydrogen Sulfur Bonds. 1.10.6 by Protonation 1.10.6.1. of Neutral and Cationic Complexes in Acid 1.10.6.1.1. with Mononuclear Complexes: Scope. 1.10.6.1.2. with Mononuclear Complexes: Position of the Protonation Equilibria. 1.10.6.1.3. with Mononuclear Complexes: Rates. 1.10.6.1.4. with Polynuclear Complexes. 1.10.6.2. of Metal Anions 1.10.6.2.1. with Mononuclear Anions: Scope. 1.10.6.2.2. with Mononuclear Anions: Position of the Protonation Equilibira. 1.10.6.2.3. with Mononuclear Anions: Rates. 1.10.6.2.4. with Polynuclear Anions. 1.10.7. by Reduction of Metal Complexes 1.10.7.1. with Borohydride. 1.10.7.2. with Trialkylborohydride and Other Substituted Borohydrides. 1.10.7.3. with Tetrahydroaluminate. 1.10.7.4. with Alkoxyaluminum Hydrides. 1.10.8. by Hydrogen Transfer to the Metal 1.10.8.1. from Alcohols in Basic Media. 1.10.8.2. from Hydrazine. 1.10.8.3. from Aluminum Alkyls. 1.10.8.4. from Alkylmagnesium Halides. 1.10.9. by Decarboxylation of Hydroxycarbonyl or Formate Complexes 1.11. Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Elements of Group O 1.12. Formation of Reversible Metal Hydrides by Direct Reaction of Hydrogen 1.12.1. Introduction 1.12.2. with Alkali Metals. 1.12.3. with Alkaline Earth Metals. 1.12.4. with Group Ilia Transition Metals 1.12.4.1. involving Lanthanides. 1.12.4.2. Involving Actinides. 1.12.5. with Group IVA Transition Metals 1.12.5.1. Involving Titanium. 1.12.5.2. Involving Zirconium. 1.12.5.3. Involving Hafnium. 1.12.6. with Group VA Transition Metals. 1.12.7. with Groups VIA, VIIA and VIII Transition Metals 1.12.7.1. Involving Chromium and Molybdenum. 1.12.7.2. Involving Manganese and Technetium. 1.12.7.3. Involving Nickel, Rhodium and Palladium. 1.12.8. to Form Ternary Hydrides 1.12.8.1. from Intermetallics 1.12.8.1.1. Giving AM5 Compounds. 1.12.8.1.2. Giving AB2 Compounds. 1.12.8.1.3. Giving Hydrides of Other Intermetallics. 1.12.8.2. from Metal Nonmetal Systems 1.12.8.2.1. Involving Carbides. 1.12.8.2.2. Involving Oxides and Sulfides. 1.12.8.2.3. Involving Nitrides and Phosphides. 1.12.8.2.4. Involving Halides. List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index