Fiber Optics

Algonquin College, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

FIBRE OPTIC CABLES
Introduction
The Evolution of Fibre Optic Cables
Fibre Optic Cables
Plastic Fibre Cables
Light Propagation in Fibre Optic Cables
Refractive-Index Profile
Types of Fibre Optic Cables
Polarization Maintaining Fibre Cables
Specialty Fibre Cables
Fibre Cable Fabrication Techniques
Fibre Drawing
Numerical Aperture
Modes in a Fibre Optic Cable
Light Source Coupling to a Fibre Cable
Launching Light Conditions into Fibre Cables
Fibre Tube Assembly
Fibre Optic Cables versus Copper Cables
Applications of Fibre Optic Cables
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
ADVANCED FIBRE OPTIC CABLES
Introduction
Advanced Types of Fibre Optic Cables
Applications of Advanced Fibre Cables
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
LIGHT ATTENUATION IN OPTICAL COMPONENTS
Introduction
Light Losses in an Optical Material
Attenuation Calculations
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendices
Further Reading
FIBRE-OPTIC CABLE TYPES AND INSTALLATIONS
Introduction
Fibre-Optic Cable Types and Applications
Fibre-Optic Cable Installation Methods
Standard Hardware for Fibre-Optic Cables
Fibre-Optic Cable Test Requirements
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS
Introduction
Applications of Connectors and Splices
Requirements of Connectors and Splices
Fibre Connectors
Mechanical Considerations
Fibre-Optic Connector Types
Adapters for Different Fibre-Optic Connector Types
Fibre-Optic Connector Structures
Fibre-Optic Connector Assembly Techniques
Fibre Splicing
Fusion Splices
Connectors versus Splices
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
PASSIVE FIBRE OPTIC DEVICES
Introduction
2x2 Couplers
3 dB Couplers
Y-Couplers
Star Couplers
Coupler Construction
The Principle of Reciprocity
Proximity Sensor
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Optical Isolators
Optical Circulators
Optical Filters
Optical Fibre Ring Resonators
Optical Modulators
Optical Attenuators
Other Types of Optical Fibre Devices
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER
Introduction
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Time-Division Multiplexing
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Techniques for Multiplexing and De-Multiplexing
Wavelength Division Multiplexers and De-Multiplexers
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
Introduction
Basic Applications of Optical Amplifiers
Types of Optical Amplifiers
Other Types of Optical Amplifiers
Further Reading
OPTICAL RECEIVERS
Introduction
Fibre Optic Receivers
Principles of Semiconductors
Properties of Semiconductor Photodetectors
Types of Optical Detectors
Comparison of Photodetectors
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
OPTICAL SWITCHES
Introduction
Opto-Mechanical Switches
Electro-Optic Switches
Thermo-Optic Switches
Acousto-Optic Switches
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
3D MEMS Based Optical Switches
Micro-Opto-Mechanical Systems
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATIONS
Introduction
The Evolution of Communication Systems
Electromagnetic Spectrum Overview
The Evolution of Fibre Optic Systems
Undersea DWDM Cable Network (SEA-ME-WE-3)
Basic Communication Systems
Types of Topologies
Types of Networks
Submarine Cables
Open System Interconnection
Performance of Passive Linear Optical Networks
Performance of Star Optical Networks
Transmission Links
SONET/SDH
Multiplexing Terminology and Signaling Hierarchy
SONET and SDH Transmission Rates
North American Optical and Digital Signal Designation
SONET Systems
STS-1 Frame Structure
Metro and Long-Haul Optical Networks
Network Configuration
Further Reading
FIBRE OPTIC LIGHTING
Introduction
Light
Electrical Energy Consumption by Lighting
Light Measurement
Electrical Lighting System
Fibre Optic Lighting System
Advantages of Fibre Optic Lighting
Fibre Optic Lighting Applications
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
FIBRE OPTIC TESTING
Introduction
Testing Photonics Components
Optical Power Measurements (Intensity)
Optical Frequency Measurements
Testing Optical Fibre Switches
Light Wavelength Measurements
Device Power Handling Tests
Troubleshooting
Sources of Error During Fibre Optic Measurements
Experimental Work
List of References
Appendix
Further Reading
PHOTONICS LABORATORY SAFETY
Introduction
Electrical Safety
Light Sources
Devices and Equipment
Audio-Visual and Computer Peripherals
Handling of Fibre Optic Cables
Epoxy Adhesives and Sealants
Cleaning Optical Components
Optic/Optical Fibre Devices and Systems
Cleaning Chemicals
Warning Labels
Laser Safety
Laser Safety Tips
Indoor Air Quality
Other Considerations
Further Reading
APPENDIX A: DETAILS OF THE DEVICES, COMPONENTS, TOOLS, AND PARTS
APPENDIX B: ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE OF A CONVENTIONAL ARTICULATING SPECTROMETER
GLOSSARY
INDEX