Principles of Toxicology Testing

St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA

Basic Concepts in Toxicology Testing
Introduction to Principles of Toxicology
Types of Toxicology
Common Terms and Nomenclature
Applications of Toxicology
Classification of Toxic Agents
Sources of Toxins

Effects of Chemicals
Toxicological Effects
Biochemical Properties
Exposure
Chemical Interactions
Dose-Response Relationship

Toxicokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Biotransformation
Elimination

Risk Assessment and Regulatory Toxicology
Risk Assessment
Regulatory Toxicology

Descriptive Animal Toxicology Tests
Correlation with Human Exposure
Animal Welfare and U.S. Animal Welfare Act
Chemicals
Species Differentiation
Methodologies

Toxicology Testing In Vivo
Acute Toxicology Testing
Objectives of Acute Toxicology Tests
LD50 and Acute Toxicology Tests
Organization of Studies
Range-Finding Tests
Classical LD50
Other Considerations with LD50 Determinations
Applications of LD50 Studies

Subchronic and Chronic Toxicology Testing
Types or Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity Tests
Experimental Design

Acute Dermal and Ocular Toxicology Testing
Acute Dermal Toxicity Tests
Acute Ocular Toxicity Tests

Toxicology Testing for Fertility and Reproduction
History and Development of Teratogenicity Testing
Brief Description of Maternal-Fetal Physiology
Mechanisms of Developmental Toxicity
Teratogenicity
Embryotoxicity
Male Reproductive Toxicology
Female Reproductive Toxicology

Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity Testing in Vivo
Introduction and Definitions
Multistage Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenic and Genotoxic Agents
Carcinogenicity Testing in Vivo
Bioassay Protocols for in Vivo Carcinogenicity Testing
Mutagenicity Testing in Vivo

Toxicology Testing In Vitro
Introduction to In Vitro Toxicology Testing
History of in Vitro Methods
In Vitro Systems
History of Cell Culture

Cell Culture Methodology
Cell Culture Laboratory
Cultured Cells
Culture Requirements
Procedures

Cell Culture Methods for Acute Toxicology Testing
Acute Target Organ Toxicity Testing
Acute Local Toxicology Testing

Toxicokinetic Studies in Vitro
Metabolic Studies in Cell Culture

Mutagenicity Testing in Vitro
Bacterial Cell Systems
Mammalian Cell Systems
Development of Short-Term Test Strategies

Reproductive and Teratogenicity Studies In Vitro
Alternative Methods for Embryotoxicity Testing
Validation of Alternative Methods for Reproductive and Teratogenicity Studies

High Throughput Screening and Microarray Analysis
High Throughput Screening in Preclinical Drug Testing
Microarray Systems

Experimental Design and Statistics
Establishing Experimental Plan
Experimental Design
Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Applications

Standardization and Validation of Alternative Methods
Introduction
Validation Process
Current Validation Programs

Applications of Alternative Models for Toxicology Testing
Introduction
Significance of Alternative Models for Animal Toxicology Testing
Extrapolation to Human Toxicity
Use of Alternative Methods for Human and Animal Toxicology

Index