Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere

A. Fundamentals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Refraction of radio waves in a plasma. Simplest case.- 3. Some effects of refraction.- 4. Properties of a magnetized plasma.- 5. Electromagnetic waves in a cold gyrotropic plasma.- 6. Echoes from a plasma layer.- 7. Propagation of radio waves in a cold magnetoplasma.- B. Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere.- 8. Propagation in the space between Earth and ionosphere (Deka- and hektometer-waves).- 9. Propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide (Kilometric and longer waves).- 10. Propagation through the ionosphere.- 11. The real ionosphere: irregularities and acoustic-gravity waves.- 12. Propagation in structured media.- C. Warm, Multi-Component Plasma.- 13. Influence of plasma composition and temperature.- 14. Kinetic theory of a Lorentz plasma.- 15. The Boltzmann equation of a compressible plasma.- 16. Waves in a warm isotropic plasma.- 17. Waves in a warm gyrotropic plasma.- 18. Plasma waves.- D. Nonlinear Phenomena and Unstable Conditions.- 19. Plasma under moderate energy input.- 20. Non-linear phenomena.- 21. Incoherent scatter.- 22. Instabilities and resonances.- 23. Natural (low frequency) emissions.- 24. Heavy disturbances.- Appendix I: Vectors and dyadics.- I.1. Vector algebra.- I.2. Vector analysis.- Appendix II: Dyadics.- II.1. General introduction of dyadics.- II.2. Special dyadics.- II.3. Multiplication of dyadics.- Appendix III. Eigenvalues of dyadics.- Appendix IV. Ray tracing.- IV.1. Group and phase velocity.- IV.2. H.G. Booker’s “quartic”.- IV.3. K. Suchy’s formulation of the problem.- IV.4. H. Poeverlein’s construction of the group path.- IV.5. Analytical vs. numerical methods.- Appendix V. Conductivity of magnetized plasmas.- Appendix VI. Special functions.- VI.1. Cylindrical functions.- VI.2. Sphericalfunctions.- VI.3. Other integral functions.- VI.4. Hypergeometric functions.- VI.5. Integral functions of the kinetics theory.- Appendix VII. Partial reflection and penetration.- Acknowledgements.- Indices.- List of Symbols.- Author Index.