Turner Syndrome

I. Genetics in Turner Syndrome. 1 Molecular genetic analysis in Turner Syndrome. 2. The relationship between karyotype and growth in Turner Syndrome. 3. Hypothesis: 45, X Turner Syndrome does not exist. All surviving patients have sex-chromosomal mosaicism. II. GH Secretion in Turner Syndrome. 4. Pattern of spontaneous growth hormone secretion in Turner Syndrome. 5. 24-hour growth hormone secretion in Turner Syndrome. 6. Relation of spontaneous nocturnal GH-secretion to GH-stimulation and the influence of estrogen pretreatment in Turner Syndrome. 7. GH secretion in Turner Syndrome and its influence on the effect of GH treatment. 8. Glucose metabolism in Turner syndrome. III. Spontaneous growth in Turner syndrome. 9. Spontaneous growth in Turner Syndrome: Preliminary results of an Italian multicenter study. 10. Growth in Turner Syndrome: The United States experience. 11. Spontaneous growth in Turner syndrome: Evidence for a minor pubertal growth spurt. 12. Spontaneous puberty in Turner Syndrome: Its incidence, influence on final height and endocrinology features. 13. Evaluation of hormonal treatment on linear growth and skeletal maturation: Methods of predicting final height in Turner syndrome. 14. The infancy-childhood-puberty (ICP) model of growth for Turner girls. 15. Spontaneous growth in Turner Syndrome: The Belgian experience. 16. Spontaneous growth and bone age development in Turner Syndrome - Results of a multicentric study 1990. 17. Spontaneous growth in Turner Syndrome: A study of 61 cases. 18. Spontaneous growth, final height and prediction of final height in Turner Syndrome. IV. Mineral and Bone Metabolism in Turner Syndrome. 19. Bone effects of rhGH in Turner Syndrome. 20. Effect of hGH on bone metabolism in Ullrich-Turner Syndrome. 21. Effect of growth hormone therapy on osteocalcin rhythms in Turner Syndrome. 22. The effect of growth administration on the immune function in Turner Syndrome. 23. The influence of treatment with rhGH and oxandrolone on procollagen III peptide and protein metabolism, studied by means of 15N tracer kinetics, in girls with Turner Syndrome. 24. Short term diagnostic treatment with growth hormone and oxandrolone in patients with Turner Syndrome. V. Treatment of Turner Syndrome with Estrogen. 25. The application of the infancy-childhood-puberty model of growth to the Turner Syndrome. 26. Effect of GH alone or in combination with EE2 on the growth of Turner Syndrome. 27. Treatment with natural estrogens in Turner Syndrome. 28. Effect of low-dose estrogen on growth in Turner Syndrome. VI. Growth Promotion. 29. Oxandrolone increases adult stature in Turner Syndrome - A study to final height. 30. Turner Syndrome and final adult stature: A randomized controlled trial using human growth hormone and low dose ethinyl estradiol. 31. Growth-promoting effects of human recombinant growth hormone in subjects with Ullrich-Turner Syndrome (UTS). 32. Growth response after 1 year of rhGH therapy. 33.