Institutional and Industrial Safety Engineering Practices

Abhishek Barua is pursuing his PhD in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India. He has published more than 60 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings, as well as co-authored one book. He has presented his research work at many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholar professors, and industrialists to carry out research works. Kanchan Kumari, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Parala Maharaja Engineering College, Berhampur, Odisha, India. She has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 10 research projects. She has published more than 25 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings and has been granted four national patents. Additionally, she has presented her research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Sumit Saha, PhD, is a senior scientist in the Materials Chemistry Department at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India. He has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience. He has carried out more than three sponsored projects and is currently guiding three PhD scholars. He has published more than 30 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists. Additionally, he is a life member of the Indian Chemical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, and the Society for Materials Chemistry. Siddharth Jeet, PhD, has more than five years of industrial experience, including product development engineering, project management, quality management, and safety engineering. He has published more than 60 research papers in international refereed journals and conference proceedings. In addition to his publications, he has presented his research work in many national and international conferences and collaborated with many academicians, research scholars, professors and industrialists to carry out his research works. Swastik Pradhan, PhD, is an assistant professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience and has guided more than 15 research projects and published more than 40 research papers in different international refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has presented his research work at numerous national and international conferences and has worked on research projects with numerous academicians, research scholars, professors, and industrialists.

Preface xvii

Section 1: Institutional Safety 1

1 Introduction to Safety: Philosophy and Terminology 3

1.1 Background 3

1.2 Introduction 3

1.3 Philosophy of Safety 4

1.4 Safety Terminology 5

References 11

2 Safety and Behavior at Laboratories, Workshop, and Institution 13

2.1 Background 13

2.2 Introduction 13

2.3 Roles and Responsibilities 14

2.4 Safe Lab Practices 18

2.5 Workshop Safety 26

References 42

3 Globally Harmonized System (GHS): Classification and Labeling 43

3.1 Background 43

3.2 Introduction 43

3.3 Scope of GHS 44

3.4 Hazards Covered by the GHS 45

3.5 Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Labels 46

References 57

4 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 59

4.1 Background 59

4.2 Introduction 59

4.3 Importance of Safety Data Sheet 60

4.4 Who Produces Safety Data? 60

4.5 Need of Safety Data Sheet 61

4.6 Responsibilities Related with the Safety Data Sheet 62

4.7 Contents of Safety Data Sheets 64

4.8 When a SDS is Obtained, What Should be Done? 70

Bibliography 70

5 Safety in Chemical Laboratories in Academic Institutions 73

5.1 Background 73

5.2 Introduction 73

5.3 The RAMP Concept 74

5.4 Incident Prevention 76

5.5 Protocols for Laboratory 78

References 81

6 First Aid and Compressed Gas Safety in Academic Institution Laboratories 83

6.1 Background 83

6.2 Introduction to First Aid at Laboratories 84

6.3 Introduction to Compressed Gas Cylinder Handling 89

References 98

7 Sharps Safety at Academic Institution Laboratories 101

7.1 Background 101

7.2 Introduction to Sharps 101

7.3 Hazards Associated with Sharps 102

7.4 Occurrence of Sharps Injuries 103

7.5 Prevention of Injuries Caused by Sharps 103

7.6 Handling of Sharps 104

7.7 Disposal of Sharps 105

7.8 Reduction of Sharps 106

7.9 Knowledge About the Environment During Disposal of Sharps 107

7.10 First Aid for Accidents Caused Due to Sharps 108

References 110

8 Safety Equipment in Academic Institution Laboratories and Workshops 111

8.1 Background 111

8.2 Introduction 112

8.3 Importance of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 112

8.4 Purpose of Lab and Workshop Safety Equipment 113

8.5 Different Types of Safety Equipment 113

8.6 Regular Maintenance and Inspections of Lab Safety Equipment 172

References 177

Section 2: Industrial Safety 179

9 Introduction to Industrial Safety Engineering 181

9.1 Background 181

9.2 Introduction 181

9.3 Safety Engineering 182

9.4 Need for Safety 183

9.5 Types of Unsafe Acts 183

9.6 Unsafe Working Conditions 184

9.7 Safety Programs 184

9.8 Stakeholders 186

9.9 Accident Causation Model 186

9.10 Hazard Theory 191

9.11 Hazard Triangle 192

9.12 Hazard Recognition 193

9.13 Individual Risk and Societal Risk 193

9.14 Risk Assessment 194

9.15 Prevention Through Design 197

Bibliography 198

10 Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 199

10.1 Background 199

10.2 Introduction 199

10.3 Importance of Hazard Identification 200

10.4 When is it Done? 202

10.5 Who Prepares Hazard Identification? 202

10.6 Some Commonly Used Hazard Identification and Analysis Techniques 204

References 265

11 Safety Function Deployment and Quantification of Basic Events 267

11.1 Background 267

11.2 Introduction 267

11.3 Safety Function Deployment (SFD) 268

11.4 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) 275

11.5 Quantification of Basic Events 280

References 286

12 Human Errors: Classification, Causes, and Identification 287

12.1 Background 287

12.2 Introduction 288

12.3 Causes of Human Error 288

12.4 Identification of Human Error 290

12.5 Prevention of Human Error 300

References 302

13 Accident: Causes, Identification, and Investigation 303

13.1 Background 303

13.2 Introduction 304

13.3 What is an Accident and Why Should it be Investigated? 304

13.4 Classification of Accident 306

13.5 Different Types of Industrial Accidents 308

13.6 Common Causes of Industrial Accidents 310

13.7 Accident Investigation 312

13.8 Importance of Conducting Accident Investigation 314

13.9 Objectives of Accident Investigation 316

13.10 Structure of an Accident Report 317

13.11 Steps for Conducting Accident Investigation 319

13.12 Different Methods of Accident Investigations 321

13.13 Structure of an Accident Investigation Report 323

13.14 Who Should Conduct the Accident Investigation? 325

13.15 What Should be Looked at as the Cause of an Accident? 327

13.16 Fact Collection for Industrial Accident Investigations 329

13.17 What Should be Done if the Accidental Investigation Reveals Human Error? 331

References 333

14 Risk-Based Decision-Making 335

14.1 Background 335

14.2 Introduction 335

14.3 Steps Involved in Risk-Based Decision-Making 338

14.4 Importance of Risk-Based Decision-Making 340

14.5 Classification of Risk in Perspective of Risk-Based Decision-Making 341

14.6 Different Types of Risk-Based Decision-Making 343

14.7 Advantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 345

14.8 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Decision-Making 346

14.9 Applications of Risk-Based Decision-Making 347

14.10 How to Make Risk-Based Decision-Making More Effective? 349

References 351

15 Risk-Based Maintenance 353

15.1 Background 353

15.2 Introduction 354

15.3 Importance of Risk-Based Maintenance 354

15.4 How to Conduct Risk-Based Maintenance 356

15.5 Advantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 359

15.6 Disadvantages of Risk-Based Maintenance 360

15.7 Application of Risk-Based Maintenance in Different Areas 362

15.8 How to Make Risk-Based Maintenance More Efficient? 364

References 366

16 Safety Key Performance Indicators 367

16.1 Background 367

16.2 Introduction 367

16.3 Defining and Tracking Safety Key Performance Indicators 369

16.4 Advantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 390

16.5 Disadvantages of Safety Key Performance Indicators 392

16.6 Application of Safety Key Performance Indicators 394

16.7 How to Make Safety Key Performance Indicators More Efficient? 396

References 398

17 Occupational Health, Safety Management Systems, and Working Conditions 401

17.1 Background 401

17.2 Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 402

17.3 Introduction to ISO 45001 Standard 409

17.4 Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions Code 418

References 424

Index 427