Sustainable Cacao Cultivation in Latin America

Luz Cecilia García is a Professor at the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Manabí, Ecuador. Naga Raju Maddela is a Professor at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Technical University of Manabí, Ecuador. Freddy Zambrano Gavilanes is a Professor at the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Manabí, Ecuador. Carolina Aguilar Duarte is the Cocoa Director of the MOCCA (Maximizing Opportunities for Coffee and Cocoa in the Americas) program funded by Lutheran World Relief and the USDA.

List of figures

List of tables

List of contributors

Preface

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Part I: Introduction

Chapter 1. Cacao Agribusiness in a Global Context – an Overview

Luz Cecilia García, Naga Raju Maddela, Edgar Zambrano, Freddy Zambrano Gavilanes, Carolina Aguilar

Chapter 2. History, Origin, Cultivars, and Cacao Research in Ecuador

Freddy Amores

PART II: Agroforestry system

Chapter 3. Cacao: shade and nutrition effects under amazon conditions

Santiago C. Vásquez, Mirian Capa-Morocho, Marlene Molina-Müller, Fernando Granja

Chapter 4. Social benefits and human development implications of organic cacao producers in Calceta - Ecuador

Marlon Arturo Cedeño Álava, David Giband, Luz Cecilia Garcia Cruzatty

Chapter 5. Analyzing Cacao Agroforestry Complexity in Manabí, a Biodiverse Coastal Province of Ecuador

Romina Fossati, Anne-Gaël Bilhaut, Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma, Andrés González-González, Armelle Mazé, Juan F. Fernandez-Manjarrés

Chapter 6. Resilience of cacao-based agroforestry systems to climate change: Latin American experiences

Carlos A. Salas-Macías, Fernando Sánchez-Mora, Karime Montes Escobar, Javier de la Hoz-M, Ricardo Limongi-Andrade, Raul V. Mora-Yela, Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos

Chapter 7. Vulnerability of small cacao producers in Manabí Ecuador to climate change from the exposure dimension

Jose Ricardo Macias Barberan

PART III: Pests and Disease Management

Chapter 8. Cacao Diseases in Latin American Agrosystems Caused by Fungi and Fungi-like

Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos, Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo, Danilo I. Vera-Coello, Zoila K. Solís-Hidalgo, Ángel V. Cedeño-Moreira, Hayron F. Canchignia-Martínez

Chapter 9. Sustainable pest management of cacao in the Neotropics: challenges and opportunities

Patricia Morán, Rossana Castro, Dorys T. Chirinos, Luz Cecilia García, Jessenia Castro, Takumasa Kondo

PART IV: Industrialization and By-products valorization

Chapter 10. Cacao post-harvest processing: from tradition to modernization and its role to quality diversification

Zoi Papalexandratou, Manuel Kirchmayr, Eugenia Lugo- Cervantes, Dulce Velásquez-Reyes, Anne Gschaedler

Chapter 11. Novel approaches in processing of cacao byproducts and their applications for a sustainable future

R. Suganthi, R. Saravanan, A. brundha, T. Bowya, A. Lakshmi, P. Abirami, M. Ashwini

Chapter 12. Multiple factors influencing Theobroma cacao and their impact on Chocolate Market Worldwide

Jyoti Sarwan, Mithila V. Nair, Shruti Bhargav, Shivam Kumar, Robbin Singh, Nazim Uddin, Jagadeesh Chandra Bose K.

Chapter 13. Post-harvest quality of Theobroma cacao L. for the chocolate industry

Frank Intriago Flor, Jaime Vera Chang, Luis Vásquez Cortez, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez, Solanyi Tigselema Zambrano, Cristhian Verduga López

Chapter 14. Potential use of by-products of cacao industrialization

Freddy Zambrano Gavilanes, Viviana Suárez Navarrete, Marina García, Roberto Bravo Zamora, Soraya Peñarrieta Bravo, Rolando Leon Aguilar, Patricia Zambrano Gavilanes, Vijai Kumar Gupta

Index