The Subjectivities and Objectivities of Peer Review

b>Daniel Ucko, Ph.D. University College London (2001) and Stony Brook University (2020), is Head of Ethics and Research Integrity at the American Physical Society.

Acknowledgments IX


Abbreviations and Acronyms XI





Introduction: Peer Review, an Ancient New Tradition


 1 Introducing the Project





1 How Peer Review Operates


 1 Agents and Their Roles


 2 Why Publish?


 3 The Referee Persona


 4 The Editor


 5 Schematic of the Peer Review Process


 6 Conclusion of Peer Review





2 History


 1 The Myth of Oldenburg


 2 Pre-history of Peer Review


 3 Conclusion: Transition to Modern Peer Review





3 Objectivity


 1 Objectivity as Realism


 2 Process Objectivity


 3 Persona


 4 Conclusion: Whither Objectivity?





4 Anonymity


 1 What Is Anonymity?


 2 Rise of the Anonymous Referee


 3 Why Is Anonymity Accepted?


 4 Anonymous Authors


 5 Conclusion: the Tension between Anonymity and Open Science





5 Trust


 1 A Cognitive Account of Trust


 2 The Hardwig Affair


 3 Peer Review and Trust


 4 The Replication Crisis


 5 Power Relations and Trust


 6 An Affective Account of Trust


 7 Expertise and Trust


 8 Trust and Distrust


 9 Conclusion on Trust in Peer Review





6 Opening Up


 1 Opening Peer Review


 2 Opening Access


 3 Conclusion on Openness


Conclusion


Bibliography


Index