Basic Neurochemistry

Scott Brady is Head of the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USAUniversity of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA. George Siegel is Emeritus Professor of Neruology at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine; Chief of Neurology Service (retired), Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA. OBITUARY FOR R. WAYNE ALBERS, August 5, 1928 - September 28, 2013 R. Wayne Albers, Ph.D., Scientist Emeritus, Chief of Section on Enzyme Chemistry (retired), Laboratory of Neurochemistry in the NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, is a world-recognized neuroscientist most noted for his research in the field of membrane cation transport and neuronal excitability in the nervous system. Dr. Albers and physiologist R.L. Post performed the principal experiments leading to their now widely-held Albers-Post model for the mechanism of the cation transport enzyme, sodium-potassium-activated ATPase. Dr. Albers was one of the founding co-editors of the comprehensive text, Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, first published in 1972, continuing as co-editor for 8 editions, the latest having been published in 2012. After receiving his PhD at Washington University School of Medicine in 1954, Dr. Albers embarked on a distinguished career of research at the NIH, being a founding investigator in the first Laboratory of Neurochemistry. Dr. Albers was one of the first members of the American Society for Neurochemistry at its inception, serving on its Council and its Committees on Publications and Education and on Electronic Publications. He has served as Professor of Biochemistry at George Washington University, Faculty Member of the NIH Foundation for Advanced Education in the Sciences, Associate Editor of the Journal of Neurochemistry and of Experimental Neurology, and on the editorial boards of several journals. Dr. Albers passed away on September 28, 2013. He was 85 years old and is survived by his former wife, Frances Albers, their children Gail Morrell, Belinda Caron and Patricia Steinhoff, 6 grandchildren, and 8 great-grandchildren. He also had a son, the late Jonathan Albers. Dr. Albers was considered a gentleman, an excellent scientific colleague with a keen intellect and friend by all who worked with him. He will be sorely missed, not only by his family, but also by the entire neurochemistry community. George J. Siegel October 1, 2013

PART I: Cellular Neurochemistry and Neural Membranes

Chapter 1: Neurocellular Anatomy

Chapter 2: Cell Membrane Structures and Functions

Chapter 3: Lipids

Chapter 4: Myelin Formation, Structure and Biochemistry

Chapter 5: Membrane Transport

Chapter 6: Electrical Excitability and Ion Channels

Chapter 7: Cell Adhesion Molecules

Chapter 8: The Cytoskeleton of Neurons and Glia

Chapter 9: Intracellular Trafficking

PART II: Intercellular Signaling

Chapter 10: Synaptic Transmission and Cellular Signaling: An Overview

Chapter 11: Acetylcholine

Chapter 12: Catecholamines

Chapter 13: Serotonin

Chapter 14: Histamine

Chapter 15: Glutamate

Chapter 16: GABA and Glycine

Chapter 17: Purinergic Systems

Chapter 18: Peptides

PART III: Intracellular Signaling

Chapter 19: G Proteins

Chapter 20: Phosphoinositides

Chapter 21: Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System

Chapter 22: Calcium

Chapter 23: Serine and Threonine Phosphorylation

Chapter 24: Tyrosine Phosphorylation

PART IV: Growth, Development and Differentiation

Chapter 25: Development

Chapter 26: Transcription Factors in the Central Nervous System

Chapter 27: Growth Factors

Chapter 28: Axonal Transport

Chapter 29: Stem Cells in the Nervous System

Chapter 30: Axonal Growth in the Adult Mammalian Nervous System: Regeneration and Compensatory Plasticity

PART V: Metabolism

Chapter 31: Energy Metabolism of the Brain

Chapter 32: Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury and Oxidative Stress

Chapter 33: Eicosanoids, Docosanoids, Platelet-Activating Factor and Inflammation

Chapter 34: Metabolic Encephalopathies

Chapter 35: Apoptosis and Necrosis

PART VI: Inherited and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Chapter 36: Peripheral Neuropathy

Chapter 37: The Epilepsies: Phenotype and Mechanisms

Chapter 38: Diseases Involving Myelin

Chapter 39: Genetics of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Chapter 40: Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism

Chapter 41: Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Diseases

Chapter 42: Diseases of Carbohydrate, Fatty Acid and Mitochondrial Metabolism

Chapter 43: Disorders of Muscle Excitability

Chapter 44: Motor Neuron Diseases

Chapter 45: Neurodegenerative a-Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies

Chapter 46: Neurotransmitters and Disorders of the Basal Ganglia

Chapter 47: Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Chapter 48: Molecular Basis of Prion Diseases

PART VII: Sensory Transduction

Chapter 49: Molecular Biology of Vision

Chapter 50: Molecular Biology of Olfaction and Taste

Chapter 51: Molecular Biology of Hearing and Balance

PART VIII: Neural Processing and Behavior

Chapter 52: Endocrine Effects on the Brain and Their Relationship to Behavior

Chapter 53: Learning and Memory

Chapter 54: The Neurochemistry of Schizophrenia

Chapter 55: Neurobiology of Severe Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Chapter 56: Addiction

Chapter 57: Pain

Chapter 58: Neuroimaging

Glossary

Index