Brazilian Lichens Vol. VI (eBook)

Acanthothecis abaphoides (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb, Mycotaxon 73: 93 (1999)

= Graphis abaphoides Nyl. 1889

[ABL11870], Brazil, Amazonas, Fazenda São Francisco off BR 319 30 km N of Porto Velho. On tree bark in primary rain forest. 8°243'33'' S, 63°58'56'' W, 100m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 11870), 15. March 2012, det. A. Aptroot 2012. - Thallus light-grey, uneven or with small warts, slightly fissured. Ascocarps short, ± branched lirellae (c. 2-4 x 0.4-0.7 mm). Thalline margin bulging and slightly crenate, paler than the thallus and slightly raised. Disc concealed in the slit formed by the margins. Excipulum uncarbonized, at the base poorly developed, laterally cery distinct, striate. Ne haymenia can develop below the old ones pushing them aside. The parathecium turns I+ blue. Hymenium c. 130 μm high. Paraphyses c. 1.5-2 μm thick, tips distinctly warty. Paraphysoids develop at the edge of the margin/lengthening of the parathecium. They re short (5-10 μm) and warty. Ascospores 1-4/ascus, hyline, muriform, cell wall thickened (hood-like) at the ends, 27-34/4-5-celled. 84-165 x 13-30 μm, I-. Chemistry: Protocetraric acid.

Acanthothecis hololeucoides (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb, Mycotaxon 73: 100 (1999)

= Graphis hololeucoides Nyl. 1863

Brazil, Sergipe, São Cristovão, Mata do IFS (Instituto Federal de Sergipe) on BR 101, 10 km W of Aracaju. 10°4'30'' S, 37°11'40'' W, 50 m. In Atlantic rain forest on tree bark. Leg. M. Cáceres & A.Aptroot, (no. 42909), 27. October 2017, det. A. Aptroot 2017. - Thallus lightgrey, yellowish grey, cracked or discontinous. Ascocarps rounded or oval to ± oblong, 1-3 x 0.6-1 mm, rarely branched lirellae. Margins slightly bulging, mostly crenate and sometimes cracked, concolorous with the thallus or slightly paler to yellowish. Discs more or less exposed, whitish pruinose. Excipulum not carbonized, poorly developed at the base, distinct thalline margins. Only the outer layer contains algae and is a real thalline margin. Paraphyses with warty tips, jutting out of the hymenia (10 μm). Periphysoids 10-20 μm long, with distinct warty surface as well. Spores 3-8/ascus, hyaline, muriorm, 20-35/2-4-celled, 67-96 x 12-19 μm, IKI-. Chemistry protocetraric acid

Allographa balbisina (Nyl.) Lücking & Kalb, Herzogia 31(1, Teil 2): 547 (2018)

= Graphis balbisina Nyl. 1891

[ABL18464], Brazil, Sergipe, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, entrance. 10°45'57'' S, 37°20'20'' W, 299 m. In Atlantic forest remnant on tree bark. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 18464), 18. Sept 2013, det. A. Aptroot 2013. - Thallus yellowish-grey, cortex 20-30 μm high. Lirellae long, flexuose, rarely branched, 1-4 x 0.2-0.4 mm diam., labia convergent so that disc can not be seen. Exciple totally carbonized. Hymenium c. 100 μm high, not inspersed, I-. Paraphyses 1-1.5 μm thick, not branched at the tips. Spores 4-8/ascus, hyaline, 11-17-septate, 60-100 x 10-12 μm, I+ blue-violet. Chemistry: no lichen substances detected

Allographa chlorocarpa (Fée) Lücking & Kalb, Herzogia 31(1, Teil 2): 548 (2018)

= Diplographis chlorocarpa (Fée) A. Massal., Atti Inst. Veneto Sci. lett., ed Arti, Sér. 3 5: 274 (1860) [1859-1860]

= Graphina chlorocarpa (Fée) Müll. Arg., Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Genève 29(no. 8): 44 (1887)

= Graphis chlorocarpa Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris): 47, tab. XII, fig. 2 (1825) [1824]

= Graphis frumentaria subsp. chlorocarpa (Fée) Nyl., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4 19: 368 (1863)

= Graphis frumentaria var. chlorocarpa (Fée) Tuck., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 7: 231 (1868) [1866]

= Hemithecium chlorocarpum (Fée) Trevis., Spighe Paglie: 12 (1853)

= Ustalia chlorocarpa (Fée) Stizenb., Ber. Tät. St Gall. naturw. Ges.: 155 (1862) [1861-62]

[ABL21637], Brazil, Sergipe, Ribeiropolis, Serra do Machado. 10°33' S, 37°22' W, 250 m. On tree bark in secondary rainforest. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 21637), 9 May 2014, det. A. Aptroot 2014. - Thallus tan to grey-green, continuous, glossy, smooth to slightly rugose. Ascocarps usually raised (nearly flush when young), straight to quite flexuose, usually unbranched, concolorous with the thallus except (usually) for the disc, which is pale orange-brown, 1-5 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide. Ascocarp transverse section: hymenium not inspersed, 120-180 μm high, I-; exciple yellow-brown to redbrown, open below, labia convergent, lightly striate, the tips of the striae sometimes slightly darkened. Spores l/ascus, hyline, densely muriform, 24-40 X 80-130 μm, I+ blue. Chamistry: no substances present.

Allographa pitmanii (Rivas Plata & Lücking) Lücking & Kalb, Herzogia 31(1, Teil 2): 554 (2018)

= Graphis pitmanii Rivas Plata & Lücking, Fungal Diversity 58: 24 (2012) [2013]

[ABL28482], Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, along trails in vincity of field station, in primary tropical rain forest on tree bark. 59°57' W, 2°56' S. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 28482), 3.-8. June 2016, det. A. Aptroot 2016.

Allographa pitmanii (Rivas Plata & Lücking) Lücking & Kalb, Herzogia 31(1, Teil 2): 554 (2018)

= Graphis pitmanii Rivas Plata & Lücking, Fungal Diversity 58: 24 (2012) [2013]

[ABL50700], Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, along trails in vincity of field station, in primary tropical rain forest on tree bark. 2°56' S, 59°57' W, 50 m. Leg. A. Aptroot, (no. 50700), 21. June 2019, det. A. Aptroot 2019. - Lirellae irregularly branched, with apically thin complete margin; ascospores regularly 3-septate, 15–20 x 5–6 μm. - Thallus corticolous, white-grey, up to 5 cm diam. and 30–70 μm thick, continuous; surface uneven, with thin, prosoplectenchymatous cortex; photobiont Trentepohlia, with angular-rounded to elongateclusters of calcium oxalate crystals; medulla white. Lirellae flexuose, irregularly branched, erumpent, with apically thin complete thalline margin, 0.5–2 mm long, 0.1–0.15 mm wide; disc concealed; proper margin distinct, labia entire, appearing dark grey due to corticate, non-algiferous thalline cover, non-pruinose; thalline margin laterally thick, pale grey. Excipulum entire, completely carbonized, 30-50 μm wide and thick at the base, black; laterally covered by corticate algiferous thallus including clusters of crystals; hypothecium prosoplectenchymatous,5-10 pm high, colourless. Hymenium 70-100 μm high, colorless, clear; epithecium granulose, 5-10 μm high, brownish; paraphyses unbranched; asci fusiform, 70-100x15-20 μm. Ascospores 8/ascus, ellipsoid, transversely 3-septate, 15-20x5-6 μm, 3-3.5 times as long as wide, colorless, I+violet-blue. Chemistry: no substances detected by TLC (thallus surface or exposed medulla P–; thallus section K–).

Allographa rustica (Kremp.) Lücking & Kalb, in Lücking & Kalb, Phytotaxa 377(1): 23 (2018)

Graphis rustica Kremp., Nuovo G. bot. ital. 7(1): 61 (1875)

[ABL11927], Brazil, Amazonas, Fazenda São Francisco off BR 319 30 km N of Porto Velho. On tree bark in primary rain forest. 8°243'33'' S, 63°58'56'' W, 100m. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 11927), 15. March 2012, det. A. Aptroot 2012. - Thallus corticate, smooth to uneven, yellowish gray. Lirellae prominent, partly branched, with thick lateral thalline margin, 1-6 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm broad; labia entire, sharply delimited, jet-black. Excipulum completely carbonized. Hymenium clear. Ascospores 6-8/ascus, transversely 9-17-septate, 60-100 x 10-14 μm, hyaline. Chemistry: stictic acid.

Allographa brachylirellata (M. Cáceres & Lücking) Lücking & Kalb, Herzogia 31(1, Teil 2): 547 (2018)

= Graphis brachylirellata M. Cáceres & Lücking, in Cáceres, Vieira, Jesus & Lücking, Lichenologist 44(6): 808 (2012)

[ABL28244], Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, along trails in vincity of field station, in primary tropical rain forest on tree bark (twigs). 59°57' W, 2°56' S. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot, (no. 28244), 3.-8. June 2016, det. A. Aptroot 2016. - Thallus corticolous, up to 5 cm diam., 50–100 mm thick, continuous; surface smooth to uneven, matt, pale yellowish grey; prothallus absent. Thallus in section with thin, cartilaginous upper cortex and irregular algal layer and medulla encrusted with large clusters of calcium oxalate crystals. Apothecia rounded to very shortly lirelliform, straight, unbranched, prominent, with thin to thick...