The Chagos Archipelago

Charles Sheppard OBE is an Emeritus Professor whose work has focused on coral reefs, and impacts of marine exploitation and climate change. He has researched in most Indian Ocean and Caribbean countries, written about 250 research articles and over a dozen books, receiving several awards for conservation. Anne Sheppard has been his partner and scientific colleague throughout, a biologist, taxonomist and photographer. They first visited the Chagos Archipelago in the 1970s and then, with others, built up a series of research expeditions as the richness, condition and value of Chagos became apparent. This culminated in its declaration as the world's largest no-take ocean reserve. Photo Jon Schlayer, with permission.

1. A tour of the Archipelago. Where and what is BIOT? The Capital Area. Environmental planning in Diego Garcia. The rest of the archipelago 2. Geography, origins, human use. What is so important about coral reefs anyway? 3. Natural history of the islands and human settlement. Environmental history in plantation days. Introduced plants. Seabirds. Rats and other introduced animals. Turtles. Coconut crabs. Final plantation days. Economics and the island environment 4. Restoration, rats and the persistence of the coconut. Possible restoration. Today’s tiny islands. Potential value of the islands 5. Coral reefs of Chagos. The earliest scientists. The 1970s reef expeditions. Reef corals in the sunlit coral gardens. Corals at the extremes: the shallowest corals. Corals at the extremes: the deepest corals. Lasting impressions 6. Dark Ages and Enlightenment. The dark ages. Age of Enlightenment. Ship expeditions: a way to do science. Later expeditions. 2006 onwards 7. The first ocean heatwave. ‘The reefs are in black and white’. Eroding reefs. Rubble. Recovery and erosion 8. Connections, and the major reef components. Stepping-stones across the ocean. Smaller reef creatures. Juvenile corals. The reef fish. Poaching. Commercial Overfishing. Anchoring on the corals – ships big and small. Sewage in Diego Garcia lagoon 9. Creation of the BIOT Marine Reserve. Deep water not yet explored. More cavalry from over the horizon 10. Climate change research. Measuring water temperatures. Measuring coral cover. Measuring sea level rise. Island erosion. Other climate change. 11. The world’s conservation conundrum in one archipelago. Conservation and deniers in a changing landscape. Costs and values of conservation in Chagos. Hostility about working in Chagos. The Military era and Modern environmental and commercial problems. 12. What of the future? A poor prognosis?. Why justify it?. Politics and the future . In the End. References