Navigation and Tracking in Space: Analysis and Algorithms

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Scope of the book
1.2.1 Objectives
1.2.2 Overview of the book
1.3 Preliminaries
1.3.1 Linear algebra
1.3.2 3-dimensional rotation matrices
1.3.3 Probability
1.3.4 Motion of an object in space
References

 

Chapter 2 Space Vehicle Dynamics
2.1 Overview
2.2 Reference Frames
2.2.1 Earth Centered Inertial (ECI) Frame
2.2.2 Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) Frame
2.2.3 Topocentric Frame
2.2.4 Solar Ecliptic Coordinate System
2.2.5 Reference frame conversion
2.3 Force Model
2.3.1 Perturbation forces
2.3.2 Thrust
2.4 State space model of space Vehicles
2.4.1 Earth orbiting satellites
2.4.2 Launch vehicle
2.4.3 Re-entry vehicle
2.4.4 Interplanetary spacecraft
References

 

Chapter 3 Observations
3.1 Overview
3.2 Ground-Based Observations
3.2.1 Active and passive radio Observations
3.2.2 Satellite Laser ranging
3.2.3 Very Long Baseline Interferometry
3.3 On-board Observations
3.3.1 Angular Measurements to celestial objects
3.3.2 Earth Based Target Reference Measurement
3.3.3 Range Measurement to Known Beacon
3.3.4 GNSS Observations
3.3.5 Dilution of Precision
3.3.6 Inertial Navigation System
3.4 Summary
References

 

Chapter 4 Estimation Algorithms
4.1 Overview
4.2 Space Vehicle Navigation as an Estimation Problem
4.3 Least Square Estimation and Batch processing
4.4 The Kalman Filter
4.4.1 The Kalman Filter for Discrete Linear Systems
4.4.2 Extended Kalman Filter
4.4.3 Unscented Kalman Filter
4.4.4 Computationally Efficient Unscented Kalman Filters
4.5 Nonlinearity and Choice of Estimator
4.5.1 Nonlinearity Index
4.6 Particle Filter
4.6.1 Sequential Importance Sampling
4.6.2 Particle Filter variants
4.6.3 Nonlinearity and Estimator performance
4.6.4 Choosing the right estimation algorithm
4.7 MATLAB implementation of estimation algorithms
4.7.1 EKF implementation
4.7.2 UKF implementation
4.7.3 SPUKF implementation
4.7.4 ESPUKF implementation
4.7.5 Particle Filter implementation
4.7.6 ESP-PF implementation
4.8 Summary
References

 

Chapter 5 Navigation and Tracking of Satellites
5.1 Overview
5.2 Initial Position and velocity computation
5.3 Satellite navigation and tracking using sequential estimation
5.3.1 System model
5.3.2 Satellite position and velocity estimation using azimuth, elevation and range observation
5.3.3 Satellite position and velocity estimation using multi-GNSS observation
5.3.4 Factors affecting estimation performance
5.4 Example MATLAB Implementation of GPS-based satellite navigation
5.5 Precise Orbit Determination
5.6 Real-time on-board navigation and other practical considerations
References

 

Chapter 6 Navigation and Tracking during launch and re-entry
6.1 Overview
6.2 Ground-based tracking of re-entry vehicle
6.3 Launch Vehicle Navigation using GPS
6.3.1 Reference trajectory generation
6.3.2 Implementation of sequential estimator
6.4 Example MATLAB implementation of launch vehicle and re-entry vehicle position estimation
6.4.1 Re-entry vehicle tracking
6.4.2 GNSS-based navigation of launch vehicle
6.5 Practical Considerations
References

 

Chapter 7 Navigation and tracking in lunar and deep space missions
7.1 Overview
7.2 Challanges in lunar and deep space navigation
7.3 Ground-based tracking of spacecraft in lunar transfer trajectory
7.3.1 State transition matrix
7.3.2 Partial Derivative of Measurements
7.4 Delay in observation
7.5 Implementation of navigation algorithm
7.6 Example MATLAB implementation for tracking a spacecraft in lunar transfer trajectory
7.7 Summary and Future directions
References

 

Appendix
A.1 Anomalies
A.2 Keplerian Elements to ECI Position and Velocity
A.3 ECI Position and Velocity to Keplerian Elements
A.4 Lambert Problem
Index