Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines

Y. Frank Cheng, PhD, FRSC, is professor, director and Canada Research Chair in Pipeline Engineering at the University of Calgary. He is an internationally recognized leader in energy pipeline technology, specializing in materials science, corrosion and integrity management of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and natural gas pipelines. He is the author of 4 books and over 300 journal papers. He is Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (RSC).

Preface xiii

List of Abbreviations and Symbols xvii

1 Pipeline Integrity Management 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Overview of Threats to Pipeline Integrity 2

1.3 Elements of Pipeline Integrity Management 25

1.4 Plan-Do-Check-Act Integrity Management Cycle 38

2 Levels I and II Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines 51

2.1 Defect Assessment for Pipeline FFS Determination 51

2.2 Evolution of Defect Assessment Techniques 53

2.3 Level I Defect Assessment on Pipelines 57

2.4 Level II Defect Assessment on Pipelines 67

3 Level III Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines 80

3.1 Introduction 80

3.2 Principle and Methods 80

3.3 Applications for FFS Determination and Failure Pressure Prediction of Pipelines 84

3.4 Commentary Remarks 130

4 Mechano-electrochemical Interaction for Level III Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines – A Single Corrosion Defect 137

4.1 Fundamentals of Mechano-electrochemical Interaction for Pipeline Corrosion 137

4.2 Multi-Physics Field Coupling at a Corrosion Defect on Pipelines 145

4.3 The M–E Interaction at a Single Corrosion Defect on Pipelines 147

5 Mechano-electrochemical Interaction for Level III Assessment of Corrosion Anomalies on Pipelines – Multiple Corrosion Defects 188

5.1 Introduction 188

5.2 Assessment of Multiple Corrosion Defects on Pipelines and Development of Interaction Rules 188

5.3 Interactions of Multiple Corrosion Defects with Irregular Orientations 215

6 Assessment of Dents on Pipelines 229

6.1 Introduction 229

6.2 Standards and Methods for Dent Assessment 230

6.3 Assessment of Dent-Defect Combinations on Pipelines 237

6.4 Fatigue Failure of Pipelines Containing Dents 243

6.5 Failure Criteria of Pipelines Containing Dents 245

6.6 Finite Element Modeling for Dent Assessment on Pipelines 248

7 Assessment of Buckles on Pipelines and Buckling Failure Analysis 273

7.1 Introduction 273

7.2 Buckling Failure Analysis of an X80 Steel Pipe Containing a Dent Under Bending Moment 274

7.3 Buckling Failure Analysis of a Corroded Pipe Under Axial Compressive Loading 284

7.4 Buckling Resistance of Corroded Pipelines under Bending Moment 293

7.5 Prediction of Burst Capacity of Corroded Pipelines under a Combined Bending Moment and Axial Compressive Load 305

References 321

Index 325