Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Africa

Ibrahim Bangura is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone, and is a senior partner of Transition International, Netherlands.

Part I: Conceptual and Contextual Background






Introduction: DDR in Theory and Practice in Africa and Beyond: Emerging Trends and Frameworks
Ibrahim Bangura




Lessons from the African Union’s Engagement on DDR in Africa
Augustine Owusu, Rhoda Mwende Kiilu and Shreya Paudel

Part II: Concepts, Contexts and Themes




Linking Transitional Justice and Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration in Africa: A Practical Analysis
Mohamed Suma




Release and Reintegration of Children Formerly Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups in Africa: A Critical Reflection
Fatuma Ibrahim




Lessons Learned and Promising Approaches to Gender-Responsive DDR Programming in Africa
Luisa Maria Dietrich Ortega




Emerging Trends: DDR and Countering Violent Extremism in Africa
Ibrahim Bangura and Henry Mbawa

Part III: Contextual Case Studies




A Narrow and Uncertain Path: Operation Safe Corridor and the Defectors Programme in Northeast Nigeria
Usman Tar and Sasilkar Banu




Innovations to DDR to address the Identity-Based Violent Conflicts and Stabilise Combatants of Central African Republic
Irma Specht




Release and reintegration of the children of the White Army of South Sudan: Cultural Realities versus DDR Programming
Irma Specht




Connecting the Dots: DDR, Economic Recovery and Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Mark van Dorp




Somalia: Towards a Fourth Generation DDR?
Mohamed Gibril Sesay




Incomplete Disarmament, Demobilisation, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (DDRR): A Prescription for Prolonged Fragility in Liberia
Raphaela Tabea Kormoll and T. Debey Sayndee




Interrogating DDR and Peacebuilding Experience in Post-War Sierra Leone
Henry Mbawa




A Contextual and Intersectional Analysis of Ex-Combatant Reintegration: The Case of Burundi
Élise Féron




From Combatants to Civilians: A Never-Ending Transition in Zimbabwe
Godfrey Maringira; Edmore Chitukutuku and Simbarashe Gukurume




When Ex-Combatants Return to Violent Townships: Expectations and Masculinities Among Azania People’s Liberation Army in South Africa
Godfrey Maringira, Simbarashe Gukurume and Malose Langa



Part V Drawing Conclusions




Conclusion: Looking to the Future: DDR, Stabilisation and Peacebuilding in Africa Ibrahim Bangura