Common abbreviations

δ

Delta

α

Elevation angle

λ

Wavelength

Φ

Polarization potential

θ

Theta

AC

Activated carbon

ACN

Acetonitrile

AFC

Alkaline fuel cell

AOR

Alcohol oxidation reaction

ASU

Air separation unit

ATR

Autothermal reforming of methane

BFB

Bubbling fluidized bed

BP

Black phosphorus

CB

Conduction band

CBM

Conduction band minimum

CCS

Carbon capture and storage

CCS

CO2 capture and storage

CCT

Clean coal technology

CE

Coulombic efficiency

CFS

Capacitive faradic storage

CH

Helmholtz layer capacitance

CHP

Combined heat and power

CLG

Chemical looping gasifier

CNF

Carbon nanofibers

CNT

Carbon nanotubes

CO

Carbon monoxide

CO2

Carbon dioxide

COF

Covalent organic frameworks

COS

Carbonyl sulfide

CP

Conductive polymers

CQD

Carbon quantum dots

CS2

Carbon disulfide

CSC

Charge layer capacitance

CTMA

Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride

CV

Cyclic voltammetry

CVD

Chemical vapor deposition

des

Desorption

DFT

Density functional theory

dI

Decrement of the light intensity

DL

Double layer

DMF

N, N-Dimethylacetamide

DMFC

Direct methanol fuel cell

DOS

Density of states

dx

Film thickness

E

Occupied by the electrons

Ec

CB energy

EF

Fermi level

ESPW

Electrochemical stable potential window

ESR

Equivalent series resistance

Ev

VB energy

FEC

Fluoroethylene carbonate

FOM

Figure of merit

GHG

Greenhouse gases

GO

Graphene oxides

GPL

Gel polymer electrolyte

H2O

Water

H2S

Hydrogen sulfide

HCN

Hydrogen cyanide

HER

Hydrogen evolution reaction

HF

Heating fluid

HHV

Higher heating value

HOMO

Highest occupied molecular orbital

HOR

Hydrogen oxidation reaction

HRSG

Heat recovery steam generator

HTMM

High-temperature mixing method

HyPr-RING

Hydrogen production by reaction-integrated novel gasification

hν

Photon energy

I

Light intensity

IEA

International Energy Agency

IGCC

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle

IGFC

Integrated coal gasification fuel cell

IHP

Inner Helmholtz plane

ISE

Inorganic solid electrolytes

k

Boltzmann constant

LCI

Life cycle impact

LDH

Layered double hydroxides

LSV

Linear sweep voltammetry

LUMO

Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

MCFC

Molten carbonate fuel cell

MEA

Membrane-electrode assemblies

MeOH

Methanol

MEXT

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology of Japan

MH

Metal hydride

MIEC

Mixed ionic/electronic conductors

MO

Methyl orange

MOF

Metal-organic frameworks

Nc

Effective densities of CB

NFCS

Non-faradaic capacitive storage

NMP

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

Nv

Effective densities of VB

OER

Oxygen evolution reaction

OHP

Outer Helmholtz plane

OOH

Adsorbed (per) hydroxide species

OOR

Oxidation of organic reactant

ORR

Oxygen reduction reaction

PAFC

Phosphoric acid fuel cell

PAH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PANI

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