Problem-Based Learning Approach in Microbiology

Khalid Mubarak Bindayna, PhD, is a professor of microbiology with 30 years of experience in teaching in PBL and received a Ph.D. in microbiology from the Imperial College of Medicine in London. Bindayna has published over 30 articles in peer-reviewed medical journals, including The Lancet. Jameela Al-Salman, PhD, is an associated professor of infectious diseases with 20 years of experience in teaching in PBL. Salman has earned an MD in medicine, is an American board–certified infectious diseases specialist, and is a consultant of infectious diseases. She has published over 30 articles in peer-reviewed medical journals.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

CHAPTER 1 Basic concepts in microbiology and immunology

Problem number 1.1: antibiotics Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways

Problem number 1.2: sterilization Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways

Problem number 1.3: fever Diagnosis Treatment and support Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways

Problem number 1.4: food poisoning caused by Shigella flexneri Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 1.5: immunodeficiency Diagnosis Treatment and therapy Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 2 Infections of the central and sensory nervous system

Problem number 2.1: Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 2.2: Shingles caused by herpes zoster virus infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 2.3: Preseptal cellulitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 2.4: Subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 3 Infections of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system

Problem number 3.1: Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess caused due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 3.2: Liver failure caused by cytomegalovirus-induced hepatitis Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-away

Problem number 3.3: Ulcerative colitis caused by rotavirus infection Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 3.4: Gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 4 Infections of the respiratory system

Problem number 4.1: Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Current (on-going) medications Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 4.2: Cystic fibrosis exacerbated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 4.3: Acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 4.4: Chronic productive cough and low-grade fever caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 5 Infections of the cardiovascular system

Problem number 5.1: Rheumatic heart disease caused by Streptococcus viridans infection Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up Outcome Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 5.2: Cardiomyopathy caused by Coxsackie B virus infection Ongoing medications Diagnosis Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 5.3: Cardiovascular complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 5.4: Infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 6 Infections of the urogenital tract

Problem number 6.1: Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli (extended-spectrum ß-lactamase) Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 6.2: Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans infection Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 6.3: Urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis infection Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 6.4: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis secondary to Epstein 2 Barr virus infection Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 7 Infections of the blood, skin, and musculoskeletal system

Problem 7.1: Meningococcemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem number 7.2: Malaria Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem 7.3: Posttraumatic foot infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways

Problem 7.4: Septicemia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii infection Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Etiological agent Key take-aways References

CHAPTER 8 Infections in the immunocompromised host and immunization

Problem 23: Sepsis Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up and outcome Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Inflammatory response Hemodynamic response Cellular response Effect on different organ systems Septic shock Key take-aways

Problem 8.2: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways

Problem 8.3: Erythema infectiosum Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways

Problem 8.4: Chronic granulomatous disease Diagnosis Treatment Question and answer Learning objectives Discussion Key take-aways

References INDEX