Autonomous Vehicle Ethics

Dr. Ryan Jenkins is an Associate Professor of Philosophy, a Senior Fellow at the Ethics + Emerging Sciences Group at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, and a former Co-Chair of the Robot Ethics Technical Committee of the IEEE. He studies the ethics of emerging technologies, especially artificial intelligence, autonomous weapons, and driverless cars. He has served on two NSF grants to study the ethical, legal, and social implications of autonomous vehicles. He has published extensively in academic journals and his work has appeared in public fora including the Washington Post, Slate, and Forbes. Dr. David Cerný is a research fellow at the Institute of State and Law of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences. He is a founding member of the Karel Capek Center for Values in Science and Technology. His research interests range from normative to applied ethics, primarily focusing on artificial intelligence, robotics, and medical ethics. He has served on two Technology Agency of the Czech Republic grants to investigate the ethical implications of autonomous vehicles and end-of-life decisions. He also served as an expert at the European Commission. Czech media often interview him on issues related to applied ethics, and his work has appeared in public fora. Dr. Tomás Hríbek is a research fellow at the Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Together with David Cerný, he is the founder of the Karel Capek Center for Values in Science and Technology. He has published on topics ranging from philosophy of mind and science, to ethics (particularly bioethics, and more recently the ethics of emerging technologies) and aesthetics. He also teaches at several colleges, including Charles University and Anglo-American University, in his hometown of Prague.

Acknowledgments
Contributors
Introduction

PART I Autonomous Vehicles and Trolley Problems
Introduction by David Cerný

Chapter 1. Ethics and Risk Distribution for Autonomous Vehicles
Nicholas G. Evans
Chapter 2. Autonomous Vehicles, the Badness of Death, and Discrimination
David Cerný
Chapter 3. Automated Vehicles and the Ethics of Classification
Geoff Keeling
Chapter 4. Trolleys and Autonomous Vehicles: New Foundations for the Ethics of Machine Learning
Jeff Behrends and John Basl
Chapter 5. The Trolley Problem and the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles in the Eyes of the Public: Experimental Evidence
Akira Inoue, Kazumi Shimizu, Daisuke Udagawa, and Yoshiki Wakamatsu
Chapter 6. Autonomous Vehicles in Drivers' School: A Non- Western Perspective
Soraj Hongladarom and Daniel D. Novotný
Chapter 7. Autonomous Vehicles and Normative Pluralism
Saul Smilansky
Chapter 8. Discrimination in Algorithmic Trolley Problems
Derek Leben

PART II Ethical Issues Beyond the Trolley Problem
Introduction by Ryan Jenkins

Chapter 9. Unintended Externalities of Highly Automated Vehicles
Jeffrey K. Gurney
Chapter 10. The Politics of Self- Driving Cars: Soft Ethics, Hard Law, Big Business, Social Norms
Ugo Pagallo
Chapter 11. Autonomous Vehicles and Ethical Settings: Who Should Decide?
Paul Formosa
Chapter 12. Algorithms of Life and Death: A Utilitarian Approach to the Ethics of Self- Driving Cars
Stephen Bennett
Chapter 13. Autonomous Vehicles, Business Ethics, and Risk Distribution in Hybrid Traffic
Brian Berkey
Chapter 14. An Epistemic Approach to Cultivating Appropriate Trust in Autonomous Vehicles
Kendra Chilson
Chapter 15. How Soon Is Now?: On the Timing and Conditions for Adopting Widespread Use of Autonomous Vehicles
Leonard Kahn
Chapter 16. The Ethics of Abuse and Unintended Consequences for Autonomous Vehicles
Keith Abney

PART III Perspectives from Political Philosophy
Introduction by Tomá Hríbek

Chapter 17. Distributive Justice, Institutionalism, and Autonomous Vehicles
Patrick Taylor Smith
Chapter 18. Autonomous Vehicles and the Basic Structure of Society
Veljko Dubljevic and William A. Bauer
Chapter 19. Supply Chains, Work Alternatives, and Autonomous Vehicles
Luke Golemon, Fritz Allhoff, and T. J. Broy
Chapter 20. Can Autonomous Cars Deliver Equity?
Anne Brown
Chapter 21. Making Autonomous Vehicle Technologies Matter: Ensuring Equitable Access and Opportunity
Madhu C. Dutta- Koehler and Jennifer Hatch

Part IV Autonomous Vehicle Technology in The City
Introduction by Tomá%s Hríbek

Chapter 22. Fixing Congestion for Whom? The Distribution of Autonomous Vehicles' Effects on Congestion
Carole Turley Voulgaris
Chapter 23. Fulfilling the Promise of Autonomous Vehicles with a New Ethics of Transportation
Beaudry Kock and Yolanda Lannquist
Chapter 24. Ethics, Autonomous Vehicles, and the Future City
Jason Borenstein, John Bucher, and Joseph Herkert
Chapter 25. The Autonomous Vehicle in Asian Cities: Opportunities for Gender Equity, Convivial Urban Relations, and Public Safety in Seoul and Singapore
Jeffrey K. H. Chan and Jiwon Shim
Chapter 26. Autonomous Vehicles, the Driverless City, and the Pedestrian City
Tomá%s Hríbek

Appendix 1: Varieties of Trolley Pessimism
Jeff Behrends and John Basl