Piping and Pipeline Engineering

George A. Antaki, Lynn Faulkner

CODES, STANDARDS AND PRACTICE
A Brief History of Piping Technology
National Codes, Standards and Guides
Piping and Pipeline Codes
Scope of ASME B31 Codes
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Federal and State Laws
ASME Council on Codes and Standards
ASME B16 Standards
API Standards and Recommended Practices
Manufacturers Standardization Society
Pipe Fabrication Institute Standards
American Institute of Steel Construction
American Concrete Institute
NACE
Material Institutes
National Board
Flow Control Institute Standard
Hydraulic Institute Pump Standards
References

FUNDAMENTALS
Competence
At the Engineering Level
At the Corporate Level

MATERIALS
Introduction: A Good Pastry
Ferrous Pipe
Non-Ferrous Pipe
Fabrication of Steel Pipe
Fabrication of Pipe Fittings and Components
Mechanical Properties
Procurement
References

INTERNAL PRESSURE
Pressure Design of Piping
Pressure Design of Plant Piping
Yield and Burst Pressure
Pressure Design of Plastic Pipe
Pressure Rating
Pressure Stress in Fittings
High Pressure Design
Design Pressure
Over-Pressure Protection
Burst Energy
Pipe Specification
Valve Specification
References

EXTERNAL PRESSURE
Buckling Pressure
ASME Code Design
References

LAYOUT AND SUPPORTS
Spacing of Pipe Supports
Sustained Stress
Stress Indices
Design Standards
Selection of Pipe Supports
Design of Standard Support
Design of Steel Frames
Anchorage to Concrete
Layout Rules of Good Practice
References

FLEXIBILITY AND FATIGUE
Layout for Flexibility
Simplified Flexibility Analysis
Fatigue
Smooth Specimen Fatigue
Pipe Component Fatigue
Fatigue Strength of Socket Welds
Fatigue Strength of Butt Welds
ASME B31 Fatigue Rules
Fracture Mechanics Approach
Corrosion Fatigue
Shakedown
Cold Spring
Through-Wall Temperatures
Creep Damage
Pipe Insulation
Expansion Joints
References

VIBRATION
Root Cause
Mechanically Induced Vibration
Vibration Analysis
Hydraulic Induced Vibration
Measuring Vibration
Assessing Vibration Severity
Prevention and Mitigation
References

FLUID TRANSIENTS
Single Liquid Phase
Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Waterhammer
Non-Condensable Two-Phase Waterhammer
Stress Analysis
References

WIND DESIGN
Wind Damage
Wind Pressure
Vortex Shedding
Wind-Borne Missiles
References

SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFIT
The Seismic Challenge
Seismic Specification
Rules of Good Practice
Seismic Analysis Techniques
Seismic Input Based on IBC
Seismic Response Spectra
Seismic Qualification
Shake Table Testing
Seismic Interactions
References

EXPLOSIONS
Deflagration and Detonation
Dynamic Loads
Dynamic Properties
Pressure Limits
Design Criteria
Explosion Protection
External Explosions
References

SUBSEA PIPELINES
Subsea Pipeline Safety
Design Process
Internal Pressure
External Pressure
Pipe Lowering
On-Bottom Stability
Pipeline Flotation
Fatigue Design
Hook and Pull
References

BURIED PIPE
To Bury or not to Bury
Internal Pressure
Soil Loads
Surface Loads
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
Ground Movement
Seismic
References

WELDING
Shop and Field Welding
Welding Processes
Weld Defects
Codes, Standards and Practice
Post-Weld Heat Treatment
In-Service Welding
Surfacing Techniques
References

EXAMINATION
Visual Examination
Magnetic Particles Testing
Liquid Penetrant Testing
Radiographic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Eddy Current Testing
Acoustic Emission Testing
Thermography
Measurement Accuracy
Type and Extent of Examinations
Acceptance Criteria
Personnel Certification
Pipeline Pigs
References

PIPE FLANGE
Flange Standards
Flange Types
Flange Gaskets
Flange Faces
Flange Ratings
Flange Bolt Torque
External Loads
Assembly of Pipe Flanges
Nuts and Bolts
Maintenance
References

MECHANICAL JOINTS
What they Are
Swage Firings
Grooved Fittings
In Conclusion

LEAK AND PRESSURE TEST
Leak Test and Pressure Test 3
Leak and Pressure Test Methods
Choice of Test Method
Conduct of Test
Isolation
Locating Leaks Underground
References

DEGRADATION IN SERVICE
A Critical Decision
General Corrosion
Galvanic Corrosion
Erosion Corrosion
Environmental Effects
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
High Temperature Effects
Mechanical Damage
Lining and Coating
Corrosion Inhibitors
Material Selection
References

FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
Fitness-for-Service
Wall Thinning
Crack Flaws
Mechanical Damage
References

MAINTENANCE, RELIABILITY AND FAILURE ANALYSIS
Case History
Maintenance Objective
Maintenance Plan
Maintenance Strategies
Corrective Maintenance
Failure Modes
Pro-Active Maintenance
PDM Techniques
Reliability
Maintenance and the Construction Codes
Elements of Failure Analysis
References

REPAIR TECHNIQUES
Repair Strategy
Replacement
Grinding Out Defects
Weld Overlay
Full Encirclement Sleeve
Fillet Welded Patch
Flush Welded Patch
Welded Leak Box
Mechanical Clamp
Composite Overwrap
Buried Pipe Rehabilitation
Brushed and Sprayed Lining and Coating
Pipe Straightening
References

PLASTIC PIPE
Plastic Form
Size
Chemical Resistance
Physical and Mechanical Properties
Pressure Design
Pressure Cycling Fatigue
Pressure Design of Fittings
Support Spacing
Fabrication and Examination
Bonding Qualification
References

VALVES
Overview
Gate Valves
Globe Valves
Plug Valves
Ball Valves
Butterfly Valves
Diaphragm Valves
Check Valves
Safety and Relief Valves
Control Valves
Sizing Gas Control Valves
Valve Actuators
Closure Test
References

APPENDIX STANDARD PIPE SIZES
INDEX