Dental Neuroimaging (eBook)

Chia-Shu Lin, Professor, Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan. Dr Lin is one of the few researchers specializing in both clinical dentistry and human brain science, focusing on neuroimaging. His current work explores the brain mechanisms of oral sensorimotor functions and the cognitive-affective processing of pain and dental anxiety.

List of Figures x

List of Tables xviii

List of Boxes xx

List of Abbreviations xxi

Preface xxiii

Introduction to Students and Instructors xxiv

Acknowledgements xxv

About the Companion Website xxvi

Part I Methods of Neuroimaging and Assessment of Oral Functions 1

1 Introduction to Neuroimaging and the Brain-Stomatognathic Axis 3

1.1 Why Do Dentists Need to Understand the Brain? 3

1.2 What Is Neuroimaging? 6

1.3 How Does Neuroimaging Contribute to Clinical Practice? 15

1.4 The Brain-Stomatognathic Axis 17

Further Readings 21

References 22

2 Assessment of Human Brain Using MRI 25

2.1 Advantages and Limitations of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain 25

2.2 Research of Task- based Functional Activation 30

2.3 Research of Structural Features of the Brain 39

2.4 Research of Brain Connectivity 45

Further Readings 56

References 56

3 Assessment of Oral Functions 59

3.1 Assessment of Masticatory and Swallowing Performance 59

3.2 Assessment of Orofacial Pain and Somatosensory Experience 68

3.3 Assessment of Cognitive Functions and Emotional Experience 77

Further Readings 81

References 81

Part II Neuroimaging Research of Brain Mechanisms of Oral Functions 89

4 Brain Mechanisms of Oral Motor Functions 91

4.1 Introduction of Brain Mechanisms of Motor Control 91

4.2 Brain Mechanisms of Human Mastication 98

4.3 Brain Mechanisms of Human Swallowing 109

4.4 Cognitive Processing and Motor Learning of Oromotor Movement 116

Further Readings 120

References 121

5 Brain Mechanisms of Oral Sensory Functions 128

5.1 Brain Mechanisms of Oral Somatosensory Processing 128

5.2 Brain Mechanisms of Gustation 136

5.3 Cognitive-Affective Issues of Oral Sensory Functions 141

5.4 Brain Mechanisms of Multisensory Integration 149

Further Readings 154

References 154

6 Brain Mechanisms of Pain and Anxiety of Dental Patients 161

6.1 Brain Mechanisms Related to Pain 161

6.2 Chronic Pain, Neural Plasticity and Central Sensitization 170

6.3 Brain Mechanisms of Chronic Orofacial Pain 178

6.4 Brain Mechanisms of Dental Fear and Anxiety 191

Further Readings 199

References 200

Part III Translational Research of Dental Neuroimaging 213

7 Age- related Differences in the Brain-Stomatognathic Axis 215

7.1 Age- related Differences in Brain Mechanisms 215

7.2 Age- related Changes in Oral Sensorimotor Functions 220

7.3 Association Between the Brain and Oral Functions in Older People 229

7.4 Association Between Oral Conditions and Neurodegenerative Disorders 235

Further Readings 245

References 245

8 Brain Mechanisms of Adaptation of Oral Sensorimotor Functions 254

8.1 Brain Plasticity and Adaptation 254

8.2 Adaptation of Pain and Oral Sensory Functions 260

8.3 Functional Adaptation of Mastication and Swallowing 266

8.4 Brain Plasticity Associated with Oral Functional Training 271

Further Readings 275

References 275

9 A Synthesis Between Neuroimaging and Oral Healthcare 281

9.1 Assessment of Individual Differences in Brain-Stomatognathic Axis 281

9.2 Future Direction of Neuroimaging in Oral Neuroscience 287

Further Readings 290

References 290

Index 292