Dental Neuroimaging

Chia-Shu Lin, Professor, Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan. Dr Lin is one of the few researchers specializing in both clinical dentistry and human brain science, focusing on neuroimaging. His current work explores the brain mechanisms of oral sensorimotor functions and the cognitive-affective processing of pain and dental anxiety.

Preface

Introduction to students and instructors

Acknowledgements

About the Companion Website

List of figures

List of tables

List of boxes

List of abbreviations



Part I - Methods of Neuroimaging and Assessment of Oral Functions 1[MT1]



1 Introduction to Neuroimaging and the Brain-Stomatognathic Axis 3

1.1 Why do dentists need to understand the brain? 3

1.2 What is neuroimaging? 7

1.3 How does neuroimaging contribute to clinical practice? 14

1.4 The brain-stomatognathic axis 17



2 Assessment of Human Brain using MRI 27

2.1 Pros and cons of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain 27

2.2 Research of task-based functional activation 33

2.3 Research of structural features of the brain 42

2.4 Research of brain connectivity 50



3 Assessment of Oral Function 69

3.1 Assessment of masticatory and swallowing performance 69

3.2 Assessment of orofacial pain and somatosensory experience 79

3.3 Assessment of cognitive functions and emotional experience 90



Part II - Neuroimaging Research of Brain Mechanisms of Oral Functions 107



4 Brain Mechanisms of Oral Motor Functions 109

4.1 Introduction of brain mechanisms of motor control 109

4.2 Brain mechanisms of human mastication 117

4.3 Brain mechanisms of human swallowing 127

4.4 Cognitive processing and motor learning of oromotor movement 134



5 Brain mechanisms of Oral Sensory Functions 151

5.1 Brain mechanisms of oral somatosensory processing 151

5.2 Brain mechanisms of gustation 160

5.3 Cognitive-affective issues of oral sensory functions 165

5.4 Brain mechanisms of multisensory integration 174



6 Brain Mechanisms of Pain and Anxiety of Dental Patients 189

6.1 Brain mechanisms related to pain 189

6.2 Chronic pain, neural plasticity, and central sensitization 198

6.3 Brain mechanisms of chronic orofacial pain 205

6.4 Brain mechanisms of dental fear and anxiety 217



Part III - Translational Research of Dental Neuroimaging 243



7 Age-related Differences in the Brain-Stomatognathic Axis 245

7.1 Age-related differences in brain mechanisms 245

7.2 Age-related changes in oral sensorimotor functions 252

7.3 Association between the brain and oral functions in older people 262

7.4 Association between oral conditions and neurodegenerative disorders 269



8 Brain Mechanisms of Adaptation of Oral Sensorimotor Functions 295

8.1 Brain plasticity and adaptation 295

8.2 Adaptation of pain and oral sensory functions 301

8.3 Functional adaptation of mastication and swallowing 310

8.4 Brain plasticity associated with oral functional training 315



9 A Synthesis between Neuroimaging and Oral Healthcare 327

9.1 Assessment of individual differences in brain-stomatognathic axis 327

9.2 Future direction of neuroimaging in oral neuroscience 333



Index