Modeling Density-Driven Flow in Porous Media

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Density-Driven Flow.- 1.2 Modeling.- 1.3 Modeling Density-driven Flow in Porous Media.- 1.4 FAST-C(2D) Modeling Software.- 2 Density and Other Water Properties.- 2.1 Dependence on Temperature.- 2.2 Dependence on Salinity.- 2.3 Dependence on Pressure.- 3 Analytical Description.- 3.1 Basic Principles.- 3.2 Oberbeck-Boussinesq Assumption.- 3.3 Hydraulic Head Formulation.- 3.4 Streamfunction Formulation.- 3.5 Vorticity Equation.- 3.6 Extended Oberbeck-Boussinesq Assumption.- 3.7 Dimensionless Formulation.- 3.8 Boundary Layer Formulation.- 3.9 Heat and Mass Transfer.- 4 Numerical Modeling (Fast-C(2D)).- 4.1 Spatial Discretization.- 4.2 Temporal Discretization.- 4.3 Boundary Conditions.- 4.4 Initial Conditions and RESTART.- 4.5 Solution of the Nonlinear System.- 4.6 Solution of Linear Systems.- 4.7 Postprocessing.- 5 Steady Convection.- 5.1 Bénard Experiments in Porous Medium.- 5.2 Linear Analysis.- 5.3 Bifurcation Analysis.- 5.4 Numerical Experiments.- 6 Special Topics in Convection.- 6.1 Thermal Convection in Slender Boxes.- 6.2 Variable Viscosity Effects on Convection.- 6.3 Convection in Cold Groundwater.- 6.4 Relevance of Convection in Natural Systems.- 7 Oscillatory Convection.- 7.1 Hopf Bifurcation.- 7.2 Simulation.- 7.3 Influence of Numerical Parameters.- 8 Horizontal Heat and Mass Transfer.- 8.1 Analytical Approximations and Solutions.- 8.2 Numerical Experiments.- 9 Elder Experiment.- 9.1 Laboratory Experiment.- 9.2 Numerical Experiments.- 9.3 Related Problems.- 10 Geothermal Flow (Yusa's Example).- 10.1 Hypothetical Situation and Analytical Description.- 10.2 Flow Pattern Characterization.- 10.3 Sensitivity Analysis.- 10.4 Other Geothermal Systems.- 11 Saltwater Intrusion (Henry's Example).- 11.1 Problem Description.- 11.2 Sharp InterfaceApproach.- 11.3 Henry's Example.- 11.4 Modeling Saltwater Intrusion.- 12 Saltwater Upconing.- 12.1 Problem Description.- 12.2 Modeling Saltwater Upconing.- 12.3 Case Study.- 13 Flow Across a Salt-Dome.- 13.1 Salt Formations and Scenarios.- 13.2 HYDROCOIN Test-Case.- 13.3 Modeling the HYDROCOIN Test-Case.- 13.4 FAST-C(2D) Model.- 14 Desert Sedimentary Basins.- 14.1 System Description.- 14.2 Numerical Modeling.- Concluding Remark.- References.- Appendix I: Fast-C(2D) Input- and Output-Files.- Input-File for FAST-C(2D).- Output-Files.