Advances in Medicine and Biology

This edited monograph contains five chapters that present advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One provides a comprehensive review of the biological specimens used to monitor antipsychotic drugs as well as the analytical methods and sample preparation techniques used for their determination. Chapter Two focuses on estradiol and how it regulates the biology of innate and adaptive immune cell subpopulations, and how it may contribute to the resolution, exacerbation, or treatment for colorectal cancer. Chapter Three discusses the involvement of vitamin A in different areas such as embryonic development, development of the nervous system, and diseases. Chapter Four discusses environmentally friendly methods for the production of bismuth nitrate solutions and conditions for the hydrolytic purification of bismuth from the main metal impurities, specifies the compositions of the compounds used in medicine, and gives the production conditions for high purity bismuth compounds and the data on their toxicity. Finally, Chapter Five describes the use of gravitational mass spectroscopy to study the evolution of muscles.