Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Edited by Benjamin Bederson and Herbert Walther

CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS

ix
Applications of Optical Cavities in Modern Atomic, Molecular, and
Optical Physics
Jun Ye and Theresa W. Lynn
I. Introduction 2
II. Mode Structure and Relevant Characteristics of
Fabry-Perot Cavities .7
III. Cavity Enhancement: A Simple Physics Picture 9
IV. Weak Absorption Measured by Field-Phase
(Frequency - Domain)13
V. Weak Absorption Measured by Field Decay
(Time-Domain)29
VI. From Optical Frequency Metrology to
Ultrafast Technology 35
VII. Quantum Dynamics 50
VIII. Concluding Remarks on Cavity
Enhancement 64

IX. Acknowledgements 78
X. References 78
Resonance and Threshold Phenomena in Low-Energy Electron
Collisions with Molecules and Clusters
H. Hotop, M.-W. Ruf, M. Allan and I. I. Fabrikant
I. Introduction 85
II. Theory 92
III. Experimental Aspects 113
IV. Case Studies 123
V. Conclusions and Perspectives 192
VI. Acknowledgements 196
VII. References 197
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v
Coherence Analysis and Tensor Polarization Parameters of ðc, ecÞ Photoionization Processes in Atomic Coincidence Measurements
B. Lohmann, B. Zimmermann, H. Kleinpoppen and U. Becker
I. Introduction 220
II. Theory 225
III. Different Experimental Setups 242
IV. Angular Distribution and Electron-Photon Polarization 256
V. Analysis of a Special Case J0 ¼ 0_!J ¼ 1=2 Transitions 265
VI. Experimental Approaches and Results 274
VII. Conclusion and Outlook 283
VIII. Acknowledgments 285
IX. Appendix A: Expansion of Dipole Matrix Elements 285
X. Appendix B: Contraction of B Coefficients 288
XI. Appendix C: Reduction of A Coefficients 290
XII. References 291

Quantum Measurements and New Concepts for
Experiments with Trapped Ions
Ch. Wunderlich and Ch. Balzer
I. Overview 295
II. Spin Resonance with Single Ybþ Ions 302
III. Elements of Quantum Measurements 307
IV. Impeded Quantum Evolution: the Quantum Zeno Effect 317
V. Quantum State Estimation Using Sequential
Measurements 334
VI. Quantum Information 345
VII. Realization of Quantum Channels 348
VIII. References 370

Scattering and Reaction Processes in Powerful Laser Fields
Dejan B. Milos¡evic´ and Fritz Ehlotzky
I. Scattering Processes 377
II. Reactions 426
III. Coherent Control 494
IV. Final Comments 519
V. Acknowledgments 520
VI. References 520
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vi Contents
Hot Atoms in the Terrestrial Atmosphere
Vijay Kumar and E. Krishnakumar
I. Introduction 537
II. Terrestrial Neutral Atmosphere and Ionosphere 539
III. Sources of Hot Atoms 542
IV. Sinks of Hot Atoms 547
V. Thermalization of Hot Atoms in Collision with
Bath Gases 549
VI. Hot Atoms and Space Vehicle Glow 566
VII. Large NO Densities at 105km 582
VIII. References 585

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Contents vii