Reproduction and Development in Annelida - T. J. Pandian

Reproduction and Development in Annelida

(Autor)

Buch | Softcover
278 Seiten
2021
CRC Press (Verlag)
978-0-367-78032-6 (ISBN)
57,35 inkl. MwSt
Reproduction and Development in Annelida will offer a comprehensive update to our knowledge of the reproduction and development of annelids. The book will include a chapter on epitoky, which is unique to some errant polychaetes and has attracted the attention of a large number of zoologists through the years.
This book is a concise informative elucidation of all aspects of reproduction and development in annelids covering from arenicola to tubifex. Annelids flourish between 4,900 m depth to 2,000 m altitude; some of them occur in unusual habitats like hydrothermal vents and subterranean aquatic system (stigobionts). A few have no gut and acquire adequate nutrients through osmotrophism and/or engaging symbiotic microbes. In the absence of exoskeleton to escape predation, the 17,000 speciose annelids have explored bewildering modes of reproduction; not surprisingly, 42–47% of them are brooders. With 13,000 species, polychaetes are gonochores but some 207 species of them are hermaphrodites. Clitellates are all hermaphrodites; of them, 76 species are parthenogens, of which 56 are earthworms.



Regenerative potency of annelids ranges from an organ to an entire worm from a single ‘seminal’ segment. The head, tail and both together can be regenerated 21, 42 and 20 times, respectively. However, the potency is limited to ~1% of polychaetes and < 2% of oligochaetes. In oligochaetes, the chloragogue temporally separates regeneration and reproduction but sedentary polychaetes undertake them together at the reduced reproductive output. Only 79 polychaete and 111 oligochaete species have the potency for clonal reproduction. Within families, the potency ranges from 2% in spionids to 54% in naidids. Epitoky, a spectacular and unique phenomenon, involves the transformation from benthic to meroplanktonic reproductive morphism. It occurs in 106 errant polychaete species. The larger glycerides, nereidids and eunicids use muscular energy to climb < 50 m vertical distance. But the small phyllodocids and cteniodrilids may reduce buoyancy to climb 1,000–4,000 m vertical distance.



Heterogamatic sex determination is reported to occur only in six polychaete species, although karyotype is known for 83 annelid species. In temperate polychaetes, a dozen neuroendocrines, arising mostly from the ‘brain’ regulates reproductive cycle. A complete chapter devoted to vermiculture, (i) recognizes the fast-growing candidate species, (ii) distinguishes 'layers' from 'brooders', (iii) indicates that the harvest of oligochaetes may reduce the input of nitrogenous fertilizer in the ricefield, and (iv) explores the scope for increasing wealth from waste.

T. J. Pandian, M.Sc., PhD, Dr.rer.net, D.Sc., is the Senior Scientist at the National Science Academy in Madurai, India. He has published several books over the past years in the 'Reproduction and Development in Aquatic Invertebrates' series. The theme of this series is sexuality, sex determination and sex differentiation in fish. In addition, he has published over 200 original publications and guided numerous students in obtaining their Ph.D.

1. Introduction.



2. Sexual Reproduction.



3. Regeneration.



4. Asexual Reproduction.



5. Epitoky.



6. Sex Determination.



7. Sex Differentiation.



8. Culture of Annelids.



9. Summary and New Findings References.

Erscheinungsdatum
Reihe/Serie Reproduction and Development in Aquatic Invertebrates
Verlagsort London
Sprache englisch
Maße 156 x 234 mm
Gewicht 453 g
Themenwelt Naturwissenschaften Biologie Limnologie / Meeresbiologie
Naturwissenschaften Biologie Zoologie
ISBN-10 0-367-78032-1 / 0367780321
ISBN-13 978-0-367-78032-6 / 9780367780326
Zustand Neuware
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