Foot Surgery Viewed Through the Prism of Comparative Anatomy (eBook)

Cyrille CAZEAU, M.D. : Foot and ankle surgeon

2-1 Transverse stabilisation factors of the ankle2-2 Antero-posterior stabilization factors2-2-1 Factors limiting the flexion2-2-2 Factors limiting the extension2-2-2-1 Bone factors2-2-2-2 Capsulolabral factors2-2-2-3 Muscular factors3-1 Dinosaurs3-2 Birds3-3 Primates3-3-1 Human model3-3-2 Australopithecus3-3-3 Great apes1 From the beginning of the heel strike phase to the point X2-2 From the point X to the heel off phase4-1 The beginning of the support phase4-2 At point X4-3 The end of phase C after point X4-4 End of the midstance phase and beginning of the swing phase2-1 Convergence towards normality and utility2-2 Deviation from normality1-1 Introductioin1-2 Anatomical reminder1-3 Clinical aspect1-4 Surgical treatment2- The first metatarsophalangeal joint2-1 Biomecanics2-2 Pathophysiology2-3 Surgical treatment4-1 Passive structures4-2 An active structure : Flexor digitorum longus (FDL)4-3 In total3-1 Comparative anatomy3-2 Mecanism of the extension3-2-1 Anatomy3-2-2 Biomecanics3-2-3 Conclusion3-3 Surgical consequences3-3-1 Selective section of the Extensor digitorum longus muscle3-3-2 Technique4-1 Anatomo-functional reminder4-2 What can we theoretically sacrifice ?5-1 Introduction5-2 Anatomo-functional comparison betweel human and non-human foot5-3 Robustness of the metatarsals and the second metatarsal5-4 Indentation or embedding of the second metatarsal5-5 Metatarsal-ground angle5-6 Consequences5-7 Metatarsal torsion and plantar arch2-1 The gravitational force2-1-1 Seniority2-1-2 Intricacy between rigid bone skeleton and calcium homeostasis2-1-3 Dissemination through the whole organism2-1-3-1 Plant tissue2-1-3-2 Bone tissue2-1-3-3 Heart, circulatory system and lungs2-1-3-4 Muscular tissue2-1-3-5 Nervous and vestibular systems2-1-3-6 Genetics2-1-3-7 Stem cells2-1-4 Spread to the whole plant kingdom2-2 Associated forces2-2-1 Animal2-2-2 Plant3-1 Animal3-1-1 Otocyst and otoliths3-2-2 Osteocyte3-2 Plant4-1 Among the animals4-1-1 Cytoskeleton4-1-2 Extracellular matrix4-2 Among the plants4-2-1 Cytoskeleton4-2-2 Extracellular matrix4-2-3 In total5-1 On the animal side5-2 On the plant side5-3 In total6-1 Physical data used6-1-1 Young?s modulus (E)6-1-2 Second moment of area (Iz)6-1-3 Calculation of the bending moment6-2 Elements modifying the Young?s modulus6-2-1 Hydroxyapatite and animal collagen6-2-2 Plant elaboration of a composite material6-2-3 Changing trabecular bone orientation6-2-4 Orientation change by curvature of the branch: reaction wood6-3 Elements modifying the second moment of area6-3-1 Increase in diameter6-3-2 Compromise between hollow and solid tubes 6-3-3 Curvature change6-3-4 Ovalization of the section slice6-4 Elements changing both parameters6-5 Influence of the frequency of the application of the constraints6-6 In total