Nitrogen Assessment

Dr. Tariq Aziz is an associate professor of soil science and the Principal of Sub Campus Depalpur Okara, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. He also holds an honorary position of Adjunct Faculty at University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Dr Aziz received his Ph.D. from the University of Agriculture his post-doctorate from the School of Plant Biology at the University of Western Australia. His research interests focus on exploitation of genetic variability of agronomic crops against abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency stress and nutrient use efficiencies. He is a project lead partner of South Asia Nitrogen Hub, an internation project established in 2019. Dr. Aziz has won Best Research Paper Award twice from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and also won the Research Productivity Award from Pakistan Council of Science and Technology. Dr. Abdul Wakeel received his PhD in plant nutrition from Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, followed by 2 years of post-doctorate before joining the university. He focuses on soil fertility management and nutritional physiology of plants, and is working on biofortification and global health. He organized a workshop on biofortification of staple crops funded by the British Council and invited a number of researchers from the UK to highlight the research aspects in biofortification to secure global health. He edited a special issue of Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems targeting biofortification in developing countries. Dr. Wakeel represents Pakistan as Principle Investigator in the Global Challenges Research Fund's South Asian Nitrogen Hub, established to assess the reactive nitrogen losses and its management. Dr. Muhammad Arif Watto received his Ph.D. degree from the School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Australia under the UWA Ad Hoc University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan Programme and the Faculty Development Programme of the University of Agriculture. His major research interests focus on environmental extension, governance, and policy. He previously worked with the Hindu Kush Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) and currently working with FAO and ICIMOD on developing a policy brief on sustainable groundwater management. Dr Watto has also collaborated with ACIAR, Australia, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Pakistan, and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research for various agricultural and environmental projects. Dr. Watto is engaged in two GCRF-funded projects including “South Asia Nitrogen Hub Policy Arena.” Dr. Sana Ullah holds a Ph. D. degree in soil fertility and biochemistry from the University of Paris VI, Paris, France and a post doctorate under the Alexander von Humboldt post-doc fellowship. He is an associate professor at the Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. His research interests include soil fertility, biochemistry, and carbon and nitrogen dynamics under the changing climate. Dr. Ullah has published in international and national journals and is a team member of the South Asia Nitrogen Hub, project where he focuses on nitrogen emissions. Dr. Muhammad Aamer Maqsood is an associate professor at the Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. He specializes in soil fertility and plant nutrition. He received a Ph.D. in soil science from the Institute of University of Agriculture. He completed his post-doctorate at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon , Canada, funded by the ADF and NSERC, Canada. Dr. Maqsood received the Research Productivity Award from the Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pakistan in 2011 and 2012. He has successfully completed three research projects funded by national and international organizations and is working on experimental testing of genetic solution for improving NUE across South Asia under the South Asian Nitrogen Hub project. Dr. Aysha Kiran received her PhD in natural sciences in 2014 from Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. Her PhD project focused on genome wide association mapping for root system architectural traits and digital gene expression profiling of rapeseed developing seeds, funded by the German Research Foundation. She joined University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan as assistant professor in 2015.She has supervised about 33 Master research theses and has six PhD students under her supervision. Her work has multiple focuses including optimising root system phenotyping in different crops under saline, drought, and nutrient-variable conditions by understanding mechanisms involved in the uptake, translocation, and assimilation of nutrients specifically Fe, Zn and N. She is co-lead in South Asian Nitrogen Hub, an UKRI-funded project, where her research focuses on genetics of nitrogen use efficiency.

Contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgments
1. Rethinking nitrogen use: need to plan beyond present
Tariq Aziz, Abdul Wakeel, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Robert Rees and Mark Sutton
2. Sources of nitrogen for crop growth: Pakistan’s case
Muhammad Aamer Maqsood, Naqsh-e-Zuhra, Imran Ashraf, Nasir Rasheed and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah
3. Nitrogen sinks in the agro-food system of Pakistan
Sajjad Raza, Muhammad Arif Watto, Annie Irshad, Muhammad Nasim and Xiaoning Zhao
4. Drivers of increased nitrogen use in Pakistan
Masood Iqbal Awan, Sajjad Raza, Amara Farooq, Allah Nawaz and Tariq Aziz
5. Trends in nitrogen use and development in Pakistan
Abdul Wakeel, Aysha Kiran, Muhammad Rizwan Shahid, Zunaira Bano and Munir Hussain Zia
6. Nitrogen emissions from agriculture sector in Pakistan: context, pathways, impacts and future projections
Muhammad Irfan and Nighat Hasnain
7. Nitrogen use efficiency in crop production: issues and challenges in South Asia
Bijay-Singh, Hafiz Muhammad Bilal and Tariq Aziz
8. Mitigation and actions toward nitrogen losses in Pakistan
Muhammad Sanaullah, Ahmad Mujtaba, Ghulam Haider, Hafeez ur Rehman and Fathia Mubeen
9. Pathways to sustainable nitrogen use and management in Pakistan
Muhammad Arif Watto, Tariq Aziz, Abdul Wakeel, Waqar Ahmad, Abdul Jalil Marwat and Munir Hussain Zia