Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology

 Introduction.
I. MICROSCOPY.

 1. Use and Care of the Microscope.
 2. Examination of Living Microorganisms.
II. STAINING METHODS.

 3. Preparation of Smears and Simple Staining.
 4. Negative Staining.
 5. Gram Staining.
 6. Acid-fast Staining.
 7. Structural Stains (Endospore, Capsule, Flagella).
 8. Morphologic Unknown.
III. CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA.

 9. Microbes in the Environment.
10. Transfer of Bacteria: Aseptic Techniques.
11. Isolation of Bacteria by Dilution Technique.
12. Special Media for Isolating Bacteria.
IV. MICROBIAL METABOLISM.

13. Carbohydrate Catabolism.
14. Fermentation of Carbohydrates.
15. Protein Catabolism, Part 1.
16. Protein Catabolism, Part 2.
17. Respiration.
18. Rapid Identification Methods.
V. MICROBIAL GROWTH.

19. Oxygen and the Growth of Bacteria.
20. Determination of a Bacterial Growth Curve: The Role of Temperature.
21. Other Influences on Microbial Growth: Osmotic Pressure and pH.
VI. CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH.

22. Physical Methods of Control: Heat.
23. Physical Methods of Control: Ultraviolet Radiation.
24. Chemical Methods of Control: Disinfectants and Antiseptics.
25. Chemical Methods of Control: Antimicrobial Drugs.
26. Effectiveness of Hand Scrubbing.
VII. MICROBIAL GENETICS.

27. Regulation of Gene Expression.
28. Isolation of Bacterial Mutants.
29. Isolation of DNA.
30. DNA Fingerprinting.
31. Transformation and Genetic Engineering.
32. Ames Test for Detecting Possible Chemical Carcinogens.
VIII. THE MICROBIAL WORLD.

33. Unknown Identification and Bergey's Manual.
34. Fungi: Yeasts.
35. Fungi: Molds.
36. Phototrophs: Algae and Cyanobacteria.
37. Protozoa.
IX. VIRUSES.

38. Isolation and Titration of Bacteriophages.
39. Plant Viruses.
X. INTERACTION OF MICROBE AND HOST.

40. Epidemiology.
41. Koch's Postulate.
XI. IMMUNOLOGY.

42. Nonspecific Response.
43. Blood Group Determination: Slide Agglutination.
44. Agglutination Reactions: Microtiter Agglutination.
45. ELISA Technique.
XII. MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE.

46. Bacteria of the Skin.
47. Bacteria of the Respiratory Tract.
48. Bacteria of the Mouth.
49. Bacteria of the Gastrointestinal Tract.
50. Bacteria of the Urogenital Tract.
51. Identification of an Unknown from a Clinical Sample.
XIII. MICROBIOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT.

52. Microbes in Water: Multiple-Tube Technique.
53. Microbes in Water: Membrane Filter Technique.
54. Microbes in Food: Contamination.
55. Microbes Used in the Production of Foods.
56. Microbes in Soil: The Nitrogen and Sulfur Cycles.
57. Microbes in Soil: Bioremediaton.
APPENDICES.

A. Pipetting.
B. Dilution Techniques and Calculations.
C. Use of the Spectrophotometer.
D. Graphing.
E. Use of the Dissecting Membrane.
F. Use of the Membrane Filter.
G. Electrophoresis.
H. Keys to Bacteria.
Index.