The Economics of Big Science

Panagiotis Charitos holds a bachelor in Physics and a master degree in Astrophysics from Imperial College London and a MSc in Media and Communications from the London School of Economics. His studies in media and sociology led him to study for a MA and a PhD in Social Sciences. He joined CERN in 2011 as member of the ALICE experiment Since 2013 he serves as co-editor of CERN's Physics Department. In 2015, Panos was appointed Chairperson of the Future Circular Collider communication network and Chief-Editor for Accelerating News. Previously, Panos had worked for major media outlets in Greece and the UK. In parallel his extensive experience in the publishing industry led to the foundation of ROPI Publications, a niche publishing house specializing in the history and philosophy of science. Since 2009 he contributed to the development of new e-learning programmes of the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens and for the YouGo Culture platform. In 2020 he was appointed member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change. Hans Peter Beck is a reader at the Physics Department of University of Bern, visiting professor at University Fribourg, and president of the Swiss Physical Society. He teaches particle physics courses to undergrad and graduate students and basic physics courses to medical students. He received his PhD from the University of Zurich on electron-proton collisions with the H1 experiment at the HERA accelerator at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. Hans Peter joined University of Bern and the ATLAS collaboration at CERN's LHC in 1997, where he became involved in the architectural design of and prototyping of the trigger and data acquisition system for the ATLAS experiment. He was editor of the Technical Proposal and was elected chair of the ATLAS Trigger and Data acquisition institutes board. His main interest is in the physics of the Standard Model at highest energies, with a focus on Higgs and multi-boson production at the LHC. In the intense years before and after the Higgs discovery, he was deeply involved in the Higgs to four leptons analysis and chair of its editorial board. In parallel, Hans Peter is known for the International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG), an international collaboration engaging in informal science education and outreaching for particle physics world wide. During his chairmanship (2013-19), Hans Peter transformed IPPOG into a scientific collaboration, following the model on how experimental, large-scale collaborations are built, ensuring new resources and improving the visibility and effectiveness of IPPOG.

Introduction.- Towards a Sustainable European Research Infrastructures Ecosystem.- Economics of Science in the Time of Data Economy and Gigabit Society.- The SKA Approach to Sustainable Research.- The European Spallation Source: Designing a Sustainable Research Infrastructure for Europe.- Optimising the Benefits from Research Institutes.- Rethinking the Socio-economic Value of Big Science: Lessons from the FCC Study.- Socio-Economic Impact Assessments of ESA Programmes: A Brief Overview.- Designing a Socio-Economic Impact Framework for Research Infrastructures: Preliminary Lessons from the RI-PATHS Project.- Findings from the LHC/HL-LHC Programme.- Designing a Research Infrastructure with Impact in Mind.- Leveraging the Economic Potential of FCC's Technologies and Processes.- How to Value Public Science Employing Social Big Data?.- R&D, Innovative Collaborations and the Role of Public Policies.- Large-Scale Investment in Science: Economic Impact and Social Justice.- Investing in Fundamental Research: For Whom? A Philosopher's Perspective.- Investing in Fundamental Research: Evaluation of the Benefits that the UK Has Derived from CERN.- Fundamental Science Drives Innovation.- Epilogue: Productive Collisions-Blue-Sky Science and Today's Innovations.