The Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea

Bert Rudels received his PhD in oceanography at Gothenburg University, Sweden, and has worked at the Norwegian Polar Institute in Oslo, Norway, and at the Oceanographic Institution at the University of Hamburg, Germany. He began working at the Finnish Marine Institute in Helsinki, Finland, in 1997, and in 2008 he became a professor of Geophysics at the University of Helsinki. He currently works at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. He received the Nansen Medal of the European Geophysical Union in 2011. Dr. Rudels is currently a research professor (Emeritus) at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.

1. From Nifelheim to Fram2. The Arctic environment3. Observing the Arctic Mediterranean Sea4. External forcing and local response5. The circulation and transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea6. The presence and importance of internal mixing processes in the Arctic Ocean7. Observed, computed, and deduced transports through the main gateways8. Theoretical descriptions and modeling of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea9. Variability and change10. The meridional overturning circulation and the impact of the Arctic Mediterranean on the world ocean