Sustainable Human Resource Management in Tourism (eBook)

Contents 6
1 Sustainable Human Resource Management in Tourism: Introducing African Perspectives 8
References 13
2 Tourism in Africa: Issues and Prospects 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 International Tourism in Development 16
2.3 Global and Regional Tourism: Trend Analysis 16
2.3.1 Global Context 16
2.3.2 Regional Context 25
2.3.3 African Context 25
2.3.4 Trend Analysis 26
2.4 Some of Africa’s Tourism Issues for Consideration 27
2.4.1 Economic Factors 27
2.4.2 Personal Threats 27
2.4.3 Security 28
2.4.4 Health 28
2.4.5 Natural Disasters 28
2.4.6 Human Resource Availability 29
2.5 Prospects for Africa’s Tourism 29
2.5.1 First, the Three ‘As’ 29
2.5.2 Second, Growing Regional Competition 30
2.5.3 Third, Investment Capital 30
2.5.4 Fourth, the Private Sector 30
2.5.5 Fifth, the Environment 31
2.5.6 Sixth, Market Demand 31
2.5.7 Seventh, Education and Training 32
2.6 Conclusion 32
References 33
3 Plugging the Gaps in Africa’s Tourism System: The Need for Tourism Leadership 34
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 A Systems Approach to Tourism 35
3.3 The Gaps in the Tourism System in Africa 37
3.4 Plugging the Gaps for Effective Tourism Development in Africa 38
3.5 The Need for Tourism Leadership 38
3.6 The Role for Policymakers 39
3.7 The Role of Leadership in Destination Development and Management 41
3.8 The Role of Leadership in Improving Interconnectivity and Openness 43
3.9 The Role of Leadership in Providing Multi-market Options 43
3.10 Human Capital Development 44
3.11 Conclusion 45
References 46
4 Sustainable Tourism Research in South Africa: In Search of a Place for Work and the Workplace 50
4.1 Introduction 50
4.2 Locating Sustainable Tourism Research on South Africa 51
4.3 Themes in Sustainable Tourism Research on South Africa 53
4.4 Sustainable Tourism Research: Finding a Place for Work and the Workplace 58
4.5 Conclusion 59
References 60
5 A View from the Top: Hotel HR Directors’ Perspectives of Sustainable HRM in Nigeria 65
5.1 Overview 65
5.2 Research Problem 66
5.3 Methodology 67
5.4 Results and Discussion 68
5.5 Career/Job 69
5.6 Employee Benefits 70
5.7 Training and Development Opportunities 71
5.8 Talent Recruitment and Retention 73
5.9 Diversity and Inclusion 74
5.10 Work–Life Balance 74
5.11 Organizational Climate 74
5.12 Management Role 76
5.13 Interrelated Themes 77
5.14 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 79
References 79
6 Tourism Innovation and Sustainability: Implications for Skills Development in South Africa 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Innovation and Work in Tourism 83
6.3 Methods 85
6.4 Findings 86
6.4.1 Tourism and Hospitality Workforce Education and Career Mobility 86
6.4.2 Competencies of Tourism and Hospitality Managers 88
6.5 Recommendations and Conclusion 92
References 94
7 Institutional Frameworks for Sustainable Human Resource Management in Events: A Kenyan Perspective 97
7.1 Introduction 97
7.2 Sustainability in Events, Institutional Frameworks and Human Resources 98
7.3 The Events Industry in Kenya 100
7.4 Institutional Frameworks for Events in Kenya 101
7.5 Chapter Summary 103
References 103
8 Hosting Mega Events in Africa: Fostering Sustainable Employment Initiatives Within the Host Community 106
8.1 Introduction 106
8.2 Current Considerations of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 107
8.3 The Human Resource Management (HRM) Component of Tourism 107
8.4 Appreciating the Tourism Aspect 108
8.5 Context of Mega Events as a Tourism Activity 109
8.6 South Africa’s Ongoing Courting of Mega Events 110
8.7 Methodological Overview 112
8.7.1 Data Analysis 113
8.8 Discussion of Thematic Findings—Meaning of Employment Outcomes: A Green Point Perspective 113
8.9 Conclusion 117
8.10 Recommendations 118
References 118
9 Is Grass Always Greener on the Other Side? Under-Employment of Kenyan Hotel Migrant Workers in the UK 123
9.1 Overview 123
9.2 Introduction 124
9.3 In Pursuit of a Better Way of Life Abroad 125
9.4 Socio-Economic Experiences of Vulnerable Workers 126
9.5 Under-Employment 127
9.6 Underutilized and Overstretched Skills 129
9.7 Conclusion 130
References 131
10 Maternity Protection and the Tunisian Tourism Industry 135
10.1 Introduction 135
10.2 Protecting Maternity in Tourism 136
10.3 Women and Work in Tunisia 138
10.4 Methods 138
10.5 Discussion and Conclusion 141
References 142
11 Local Maasai Women Empowerment Through Employment Opportunity: Lessons from Base Camp Maasai Brand in Maasai Mara, Kenya 144
11.1 Introduction 144
11.2 Ecotourism and Women Empowerment 145
11.3 Women Empowerment Framework in Ecotourism 147
11.4 Study Area and Methodology 148
11.5 Discussion 149
11.5.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents 149
11.5.2 Maasai Women Engagement at Basecamp Masai Brand (BMB) Project 150
11.5.3 Economic Empowerment of the Maasai Women Through BMB Project 151
11.5.4 Psychological Empowerment of the Maasai Women Through BMB Project 152
11.5.5 Social Empowerment of the Maasai Women Through BMB Project 153
11.6 Conclusion 153
11.7 Recommendation for Further Research 154
References 154
12 The Political Economy of Tourism and Human Capital in the Dukuduku Village Community in South Africa 157
12.1 Introduction 157
12.2 The Plight of Rural Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa 158
12.3 Demystifying the Concept ‘Political Economy of Tourism’ 159
12.4 Background to the Political Economy of Tourism Dynamics in Dukuduku 160
12.5 Global and Local Dynamics in Community Tourism Participation 161
12.6 The Environmental Protection—Community Livelihood Dichotomy in Dukuduku 163
12.7 Commodifying Culture and Environment as Tourism Economy in Dukuduku 165
12.8 Community Tourism Participation in Dukuduku Village 166
12.9 Challenges Faced by Local Businesses 167
12.10 Conclusion 168
References 169
13 Missionaries’ Guesthouses and Skills Development for Community-Based Tourism in West Pokot County, Kenya: A Capacity Building and Employment Analysis 173
13.1 Introduction 173
13.2 ‘Righting’ the Imbalance 174
13.3 Research Questions 175
13.4 The Concept of Guesthouse Facilities as Accommodation Segment The Meaning of Guesthouses
13.5 Guesthouses in West Pokot County 177
13.6 Community-Based Tourism 178
13.7 Community-Based Tourism Projects in Kenya 180
13.8 Methodology 180
13.8.1 The Study Area 180
13.8.2 Research Materials and Methods 183
13.9 Findings 183
13.9.1 Employees/Staffs of the MGHs 183
13.9.2 Guests/Visitors of the MGHs 184
13.10 Conclusion 185
13.11 Recommendations 187
References 187
14 Insight Into Adventure Tourism Employment in South Africa 189
14.1 Introduction 189
14.2 Adventure Tourism and Employment 190
14.3 Adventure Guides 192
14.4 Adventure Tourism in South Africa 193
14.5 Methods 194
14.6 Employment Characteristics in Tsitsikamma Adventure Tourism 195
14.7 Observations and Discussion of Adventure Tourism Employment Trends in South Africa 197
14.8 Conclusion 200
References 202
15 Contribution of Facilities Management Towards Hotel Sustainability 205
15.1 Introduction 205
15.2 Role of Facilities in Hotels 206
15.3 Understanding Facilities Management 207
15.4 Integrating FM into Sustainable Development 209
15.5 Contribution of FM to Hotel Sustainability 211
15.6 Linking FM with Human Resource Management 212
15.7 Intellectual Capital Framework for Hotel Sustainability 213
15.8 Conclusion 214
References 214
16 Sustainable Human Resource Management in the Context of Sustainable Tourism and Sustainable Development in Africa: Problems and Prospects 216
16.1 Introduction 216
16.2 Sustainability, Sustainable Development and Sustainable Tourism 218
16.3 A Review of Sustainable HRM Theoretical ‘Clusters’ 221
16.4 Sustainable HRM Theorization for Sustainable Tourism and Development in Africa: Problems and Prospects 224
16.5 Conclusion and Directions for Future Research 230
References 232