Advances in Elder Abuse Research (eBook)

Acknowledgments 7
Contents 8
Abbreviations 10
Chapter 1: Introduction 12
1.1 Elder Abuse 12
1.2 The Content of This Book 15
References 19
Chapter 2: The Intersection of Ageism and Elder Abuse 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Elder Abuse 22
2.3 Ageism at the Macro Level 25
2.4 Ageism at the Meso Level 26
2.5 Ageism at the Micro Level 28
2.6 Conclusion 28
References 29
Chapter 3: Person Centred Approaches in Capacity Legislation 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Person Centred Care 34
3.3 Decision-Making Capacity 35
3.4 A Rights Based Approach 38
3.4.1 Citizen Rights 39
3.4.2 Human Rights 39
3.5 The Legislative Turn to Person-Centredness 41
3.5.1 The Assisted Decision Making Capacity Act: Placing the Person First 41
3.5.2 Legal Commentaries Underpinned by a Person Centred Approach 42
3.6 Conclusion 44
References 44
Chapter 4: Elder Abuse in Israeli Society – Legislative Acts and Special Services 48
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Israeli Society 49
4.3 Policy, Legislation and Service Developments 50
4.4 Developments Within the Health and Welfare Systems in Israel 51
4.5 Legislative Developments 52
4.5.1 The Legislative Developments Prior to the 2016 Guardianship Law Reform 52
4.6 Israel’s 2016 Guardianship Law Reform 54
4.6.1 The Establishment of a Supportive Decision Making Mechanism as an Alternative to Formal Guardianship 55
4.6.2 The Establishment of Continuing Power of Attorney for Property and Personal Care as an Alternative to Formal Guardianship 55
4.6.3 Reforming Existing Guardianship Regime as to Minimize Its Scope, and Transforming It to an Option of Last Resort 56
4.7 Conclusion 56
4.8 Need for Empirical Legal Studies to “Measure” and Assess the Impact of Legislation 58
4.9 The Need to Address Legal and Normative Gaps 58
4.10 Allotment of Resources and Provision of Services 58
References 59
Chapter 5: Elder Abuse Policy, Past, Present, and Future Trends 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Major National Efforts to Address Elder Abuse in the United States 62
5.3 Passage (Finally) of the Elder Justice Act 63
5.4 Elder Abuse Prevention and Prosecution Act of 2017 66
5.4.1 Title I–Supporting Federal Cases Involving Elder Justice 66
5.4.2 Title II–Improved Data Collection and Federal Coordination 67
5.4.3 Title III–Enhanced Victim Assistance to Elder Abuse Survivors 67
5.4.4 Title IV–Robert MATAVA Elder Abuse Prosecution act of 2017 67
5.4.5 Title V–Miscellaneous 68
5.5 H.R.2639 – Elder Justice Reauthorization Act 68
5.6 Funding Challenges 70
5.7 The Older Americans Act 70
5.8 Violence Against Women Act 72
5.9 Major International Efforts to Address Elder Abuse 72
5.10 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 73
5.11 United Nations Principles for Older Persons (1991) 73
5.12 The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (2002) 74
5.13 Open-Ended Working Group on Ageing 75
5.14 ‘2015 Was a Big Year for International Progress’ 76
5.15 Conclusion 77
References 78
Chapter 6: ‘If You Do Not Believe That It Happens You Won’t See It Either!’-Sexual Abuse in Later Life 80
6.1 Introduction 80
6.2 Defining the Issue 81
6.3 How Often Does It Happen? 81
6.4 Risk Factors and Warning Signs 83
6.5 Who Are the Offenders? 84
6.6 Why Is It Still a Hidden Problem? 85
6.7 Responses to Sexual Abuse 86
References 88
Chapter 7: Self-Neglect in Older Adults 91
7.1 Introduction 91
7.2 Conceptualization of Self-Neglect 92
7.3 Epidemiology, Incidence and Prevalence of Self-Neglect 93
7.4 Risk Factors for Self-Neglect 95
7.5 Assessment and Measurement of Self-Neglect 96
7.6 Legislation and Policy 97
7.7 Assessment 97
7.8 Conclusion 99
References 100
Chapter 8: Financial Abuse of Older People 106
8.1 Introduction 106
8.2 Defining Financial Abuse 107
8.3 Prevalence 108
8.4 Prevalence in Care Settings 109
8.5 Theories of Financial Abuse 110
8.5.1 Vulnerability of the Older Person: Gender and FA 110
8.5.2 Ageing and FA 111
8.5.3 Culture, Race and Elder Abuse 112
8.6 Quality of the Relationship 113
8.7 How the Relationship Is Rendered Exploitative 114
8.8 Consequences of Financial Abuse 115
8.9 Responding to Financial Abuse 115
8.10 Detecting Financial Abuse, Legislation, Policy and Practice 116
8.10.1 Detecting Financial Abuse 116
8.10.2 Legislation 117
8.10.3 Financial Agencies 117
8.10.4 Multidisciplinary Teams 118
8.10.5 Money Management Programmes 118
8.11 Conclusion 119
References 119
Chapter 9: Keep Control: A Co-designed Educational and Information Campaign Supporting Older People to Be Empowered against Financial Abuse 125
9.1 Introduction 125
9.2 Keep Control 127
9.3 Research Design 127
9.4 Co-design Collaborator Recruitment 127
9.5 Designing Meaningful Collaboration 128
9.6 Co-design Procedures 128
9.7 Results 130
9.8 The Keep Control Website 131
9.9 The Keep Control DVD 132
9.10 The Keep Control Information Pack 134
9.11 Dissemination 135
9.12 Discussion 136
9.13 Conclusion and Limitations 137
9.13.1 Limitations 137
References 138
Chapter 10: Elder Abuse and Dementia 140
10.1 Introduction 140
10.2 Detecting Elder Abuse in People Living with Dementia 141
10.3 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Abuse in People Living with Dementia in the Community 142
10.4 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Abuse in People Living with Dementia in 24 hour Care 143
10.5 Interventions to Reduce or Prevent Elder Abuse 145
10.6 Preventing Abusive Behavior by Family Carers 145
10.7 Preventing Abusive Behavior by Professional Carers 146
10.7.1 Increasing Knowledge, Awareness and Reporting 146
10.7.2 Reducing Physically Restraint 146
10.8 Conclusion 147
References 147
Chapter 11: Elder Abuse in the LGBT Community 151
11.1 Introduction 151
11.2 LGBT Terminology 152
11.3 Elder Abuse: Definitions 153
11.4 Increased Risk Factors for LGBT Elders 153
11.5 LGBT Perspectives on Health Care 154
11.6 Long-Term Care Facilities 155
11.7 Shame, Self-Stigma, and Low Self-Esteem 155
11.8 LGBT Culture 156
11.9 Raising Awareness and Addressing Elder Abuse in the LGBT Community 156
11.9.1 Project Description 156
11.10 Project Outcomes 157
11.11 Discussion 160
11.11.1 Nothing About Us Without Us 160
11.12 Acknowledging Intersectionality 162
11.13 Choices Around Dissemination 163
11.14 Bridging Silos 163
11.15 Conclusion 164
References 165
Chapter 12: Gender Issues in Elder Abuse 167
12.1 Introduction and Background – Key Issues 167
12.2 Violence Against Women: Including Gender in Elder Abuse 170
12.3 Future Directions 176
12.4 Concluding Comments 178
References 179
Chapter 13: Danger in Safe Spaces? Resident-to-Resident Aggression in Institutional Care 182
13.1 Introduction 182
13.2 Research on Resident-to-Resident Aggression in German Nursing Homes 184
13.3 Study Aims 185
13.4 Research Design 185
13.5 Findings 187
13.5.1 Findings from the Survey 187
13.6 Experiences with and Perceived Importance of Education and Training 189
13.7 Findings from the Interview Study 190
13.8 Conclusion and Implications for Institutional Policies 192
References 192
Chapter 14: An Ecological Perspective on Elder Abuse Interventions 194
14.1 Introduction 194
14.2 Elder Abuse 194
14.3 Responding to Elder Abuse Using a Socio-ecological Approach 196
14.4 Identifying the Literature: Systematic Search Strategy 196
14.5 Categorizing Retrieved Interventions 197
14.6 Microsystem 198
14.6.1 Summary 200
14.7 Mesosystem 200
14.7.1 Case Management Service Models 200
14.7.2 Support Groups for Older People 203
14.7.3 Interventions Targeting Perpetrator Behaviour 203
14.7.4 Interventions Targeting Informal Caregivers 204
14.7.5 Interventions Targeting Nurses and Nursing Assistants/Aides 205
14.7.6 Interventions Targeting First Responders 206
14.7.7 Interventions Targeting Physicians 206
14.7.8 Interventions Targeting Multidisciplinary Healthcare Providers 207
14.7.9 Summary 208
14.8 Exosystem 209
14.8.1 Evaluation of Systems of Service Delivery 209
14.8.2 Criminal Justice System 210
14.8.3 Systems Process Improvement 211
14.8.4 Summary 212
14.9 Macrosystem 213
14.9.1 Summary 214
14.10 Discussion 214
References 215
Chapter 15: The Public Health Approach to Elder Abuse Prevention in Europe: Progress and Challenges 223
15.1 Introduction 223
15.2 Why Is Elder Abuse So Important? 224
15.3 Global and European Calls for Action to Prevent Elder Abuse Prevention 224
15.4 The Public Health Approach to Preventing and Responding to Elder Abuse 225
15.5 What Is the Extent of the Problem and Has Elder Abuse Become More “Visible”? 225
15.6 Mortality Data for Homicide Among Older Adults 226
15.7 Hospital Admission Data on Assaults Among Older Adults 228
15.8 Population Surveys of Elder Abuse 228
15.9 What Are the Risk and Protective Factors for Elder Abuse? 230
15.10 Are Countries Implementing Prevention Programs? 231
15.11 Are Countries Developing National Action Plans to Coordinate Action Against Elder Abuse? 233
15.12 Conclusion: The Way Forward 235
References 236
Chapter 16: Human Rights and Elder Abuse: The Case Example of Serbia 238
16.1 Background Situation in Serbia 238
16.2 Data and Research 239
16.3 Awareness Raising 245
16.4 Advocacy 246
16.5 Way Forward 247
16.6 Conclusion 248
References 249
Chapter 17: The Emerging Role of Independent Advocacy in Responding to Issues Affecting Older People in Ireland 251
17.1 Introduction 251
17.2 The Development of the Concept of Advocacy in Ireland 252
17.2.1 What Is Independent Advocacy? 253
17.3 Some Issues Affecting Older People in Ireland 254
17.4 Developing a Response 256
17.5 The Role of Independent Advocacy 257
17.6 Conclusion 260
References 261
Index 262