Earth Observations and Geospatial Science in Service of Sustainable Development Goals (eBook)

Foreword 6
Message from AARSE President 8
Conference Committees 10
Contents 14
About the Editor 17
Part I: Space and Geospatial Science for Sustainable Development Goals 20
Earth Observation for Water Resource Management and Sustainable Development 21
1 Introduction 21
2 The Sentinel Satellites: A New Era in Earth Observation for Sustainable Development Monitoring 22
3 Monitoring and Assessment of Wetlands and Open Water Bodies 23
4 Agricultural Mapping and Monitoring 25
5 Challenges 29
6 Conclusions 30
References 31
River Long Profiles of Selected Third-Order Basins in Basement Complexes 32
1 Introduction 32
2 Study Area 33
3 Methodology 35
4 Results 35
4.1 River Long-Profiles of the Third-Order Basins 36
4.2 Hypsometry of the Third-Order Basins 36
5 Discussion 36
5.1 River Profiles and Basin Dissection: Implications on Process-Form Dynamics 36
6 Conclusion 40
References 41
A Remote Sensing Based Approach for Optimizing the Sampling Strategies in Crop Monitoring and Crop Yield Estimation Studies 42
1 Introduction 42
2 Study Area 43
3 Materials and Methods 43
3.1 Materials 43
3.1.1 Geospatial Data and Derived Proxies of Landscape Biodiversity 43
3.1.2 Field Surveys on Trees 45
3.2 Methods 45
3.2.1 Landscape Segmentation 45
3.2.2 Variables Computation 45
3.2.3 Unsupervised Classification of Landscape Units 46
3.2.4 Assessment of the Landscape Units Classification 46
4 Results and Discussion 46
4.1 Landscape Segmentation and Classification 46
4.2 Assessment of the Landscape Units Classification 47
4.3 Tree Species Inventory and Gradient Validation 48
5 Conclusion 51
References 52
Part II: Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Resources Management 54
GIS Based Analysis of the Extent and Dynamic of Forest Cover Changes Between 1990-2017 Using Geospatial Techniques: In Case of... 55
1 Introduction 55
1.1 Description of the Study Area 56
2 Research Methodology 56
3 Result and Discussion 57
3.1 Land Use Land Cover Classification Scheme 57
3.2 Distribution of Land Use Land Cover in 1990, 2002 and 2017 57
4 Conclusion 63
References 63
Conflict and Agricultural Production: Using Earth Observation to Assess Productivity and Support Rehabilitation in Syria 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Methodology 66
3 Results 68
4 Conclusions 71
Morphometric Analyses of Tarhuna Drainage Basins to Accesses Groundwater Potential Using GIS Techniques 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Study Area 74
3 Soil Type and Geologic Formations of the Area 74
4 Materials and Method 74
5 Results and Discussion 74
5.1 Linear Morphometric Parameters 74
5.1.1 Stream Order (S?) and Stream Number (Nu) 75
5.1.2 Stream Length (Lu) 75
5.1.3 Mean Stream Length (Lu) 76
Stream Length Ratio (RL) 76
5.1.4 Length of Overland Flow (Lg) 76
Bifurcation Ratio (Rb) 76
5.2 Areal Morphometric Parameters: It Includes Some Elements as the Following 76
5.2.1 Basin Area (P) 76
5.2.2 Drainage Density (Dd) 76
5.2.3 Drainage Frequency (Fs) 76
5.2.4 Drainage Intensity (Di) 77
5.2.5 Drainage Texture (Dt) 77
5.3 Relief Morphometric Parameters 77
5.3.1 Basin Relief (H) and Relief Ratio (Rh) 77
5.3.2 Dissection Index (DI) 78
5.3.3 Basin Slope (Sb) 78
6 Total Rainfall Volume on the Catchments at the Study Area 78
6.1 Lag-Time and Time of Concentration 79
7 Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones 79
8 Conclusion 82
References 82
Change Detection in the Horticultural Region of Cape Town Using Landsat Imagery 84
1 Introduction 84
2 Main Body 86
2.1 Literature Review 86
2.2 Study Area and Datasets 87
3 Methodology 87
4 Results and Discussion 88
4.1 NDVI Index 88
4.2 Supervised Classification 88
5 Conclusions and Recommendations 89
References 90
Part III: Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Coastal Zone Management 92
Assessment of Lake Victoria´s Trophic Status Using Satellite-Derived Secchi Disk Depth 93
1 Introduction 93
2 Materials and Methods 94
2.1 Description of Study Area 94
2.2 Data and Methodology 94
3 Results and Discussions 97
4 Conclusions and Recommendations 100
References 101
Part IV: Applications of Advanced Remote Sensing Technologies (LIDAR, Hyperspectral) in Africa 102
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Small Scale Precision Farming in Botswana 103
1 Introduction 103
1.1 The General and Specific Objectives 104
1.2 General Background 104
2 Methodology 105
3 Description of the Study Area 107
4 Results and Discussion 108
5 Conclusion 111
References 111
Part V: Climate Changes Implications on Sustainable Development in Africa 113
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Sitatunga (Tragelaphus Spekei) Population´s Response to Flood Variability in Northern Botswana Wetl... 114
1 Introduction 114
2 Materials and Methods 116
2.1 Description of the Study Area 116
2.2 Data Collection and Analysis 116
3 Results and Discussions 118
3.1 Sitatunga Population Trends in Relation to Changes in Inundation Levels 118
3.2 Sitatunga Habitat Range Under Present Climate 121
3.3 Policy Implications for Sustainable Management of Sitatunga 124
4 Conclusion 124
References 125
Assessment of the Impact of Deforestation on Forest Carbon Storage. A Case Study of Mabira Forest, Uganda 127
1 Introduction 127
2 Main Body 128
2.1 Description of Study Area 128
2.2 Data 129
2.3 Methodology 129
3 Results and Discussion 131
3.1 Validation of Results 134
4 Conclusions and Recommendations 136
References 136
Part VI: Space Technologies and Geospatial Sciences for Early Warning Systems 138
Analysis of the 2012 Flooding Events Downstream of Shiroro Reservoir, A Case of Gurmana Niger State, Nigeria 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Research Method and Design 140
2.1 Data and Software Used 140
2.2 Equipment´s Used 140
3 Methodology 141
4 Results and Discussion 142
4.1 Image Analysis and Classification 142
4.2 Flood Extent of Gurmana 145
4.3 Water Shade 145
4.4 Flood Extent Map of Gurmana Town 146
4.5 Vulnerability Map of Gurmana 146
4.5.1 Slope Angle 146
4.6 Flood Vulnerability Map of Gurmana 147
4.7 Impacts of the Flood on the Life and Property of the Residents of the Study Area 150
4.8 Conclusion 150
References 150
Part VII: Big Data and Data Mining of Geospatial Data 152
Remote Sensing Analysis of the Evolution and Retreat Dynamics of the Auchi Gully, Southwestern Nigeria 153
1 Introduction 153
2 Methodology 155
2.1 Apparent Slope Length (ASL) and Gully Floor Width (GF) 155
2.2 Gully Wall Retreat (GWR) 156
2.3 Headcut Retreat (HCR) 156
2.4 Elevation 156
2.5 Precipitation 157
2.6 Geological Assessment 159
3 Results and Discussion 159
3.1 Topography 161
3.2 Precipitation 162
3.3 Land Use 162
3.4 Measured Gully Features 162
3.5 Geology 162
3.6 Gully System Dynamics 163
3.6.1 Gully Growth 163
3.6.2 Gully System Restoration 163
4 Conclusions 165
References 165
Optimizing the Selection of Spatial and Non-spatial Data for Higher Accuracy Multi-scale Classification of Urban Environments 167
1 Introduction 167
2 Data and Methodology 168
2.1 Dataset 168
2.2 Modelling the Urban Scene 168
2.3 Multi-scale Image Classification 171
3 Results 172
3.1 Segmentation 172
3.2 Classification Results 173
4 Discussion and Conclusion 174
References 174
Investigating the Potential of Common Earth Observation Satellite Imagery for Automated Multi-criteria Mapping of Urban Landsc... 176
1 Introduction 176
2 Study Area and Data Preparation 177
2.1 Study Area 177
3 Data Preparation 177
4 Image Classification Results 180
5 Conclusion 181
References 183
Integrating GIS and Remote Sensing for Suitability Assessment of Dams in Solai Nakuru: Kenya 185
1 Introduction 185
2 Methodology 186
2.1 Study Area 186
2.2 Objectives 186
2.3 Data Sources and Collection 186
2.4 Data Processing and Presentation 187
2.5 Topographical, Drainage and Climate 187
2.6 Land Use Land Cover and Demographic 188
2.7 Geological and Soil 191
2.8 Final Results 193
2.9 Discussion 193
3 Conclusions 194