Introduction to Surface Magnetism

INTRODUCTION. Some Physical Characteristics of Magnetically Ordered Systems. Magnetic Moments in the Bulk and at the Surface. THE STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF SURFACES. Surface Crystallograpy. Reciprocal Lattice and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED). Surface Thermodynamics. Defects of Crystalline Surfaces. The Equilibrium Shape of Crystalline Surfaces. Surface Melting, Surface Roughening, and Wetting. MAGNETIC SURFACES. The Ising Model and its Applications. Statistical Thermodynamics. Spin Polarized Low Energy Electron Diffraction (SPLEED). Magnetic LEED and Surface Mössbauer Effect. Magnetic Surface Anisotropies. Surface-Induced Magnetic Structure. EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORIES. The Weiss Molecular Field. The Ising Ferromagnet with a Free Surface--Mean Field Approximation. A Continuous Approximation of the Prototype. A Surface with an Amorphous Layer. Surface Magnetization: Experimental Results. An Improvement of the Mean Field Theory. Prototype of Surface Magnetism: Effective Field Theory. CRITICAL PHENOMENA. General Properties. Bulk Critical Phenomena in Mean Field Approximation. Mean Field Theory of Surface Critical Phenomena. Scaling Concept and Scaling Relations. Experimental Results and Monte Carlo Simulations. ADVANCED STUDIES. Fluid-Magnet Analogy. Wetting Transitions in a Semi-Infinite Ferromagnet. Effects of Single-Ion Anisotropy. Ferrimagnetism. A Semi-Infinite Ferrimagnetic Mixed Ising Alloy with Single-Ion Anisotropies. ELEMENTARY EXCITATIONS. Spin Waves in Bulk. The Effect of Surface on Spin Excitation. Semiclassical Description of Spin Waves. Surface Spin Waves of the Prototype. Temperature Dependence of Surface Magnetization. Dipolar Surface Spin Waves.