IRC-SET 2018 (eBook)

Organizing Committee 5
General Chair 5
General Co-Chair 5
Technical Program Chair 5
Technical Program Co-Chair 5
Finance Chair 6
Publicity Chair 6
Local Arrangements Chair 6
Sponsorship Chair 6
Publication Chair 6
International Advisory Panel Chair 6
International Advisory Panel 7
TPC Members 7
Preface 8
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 11
Prognostic Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma 14
1 Background and Purpose of Research 14
2 Hypothesis 15
3 Materials and Methods 15
3.1 Study Population 15
3.2 RNA Extraction from FFPE Tissue 16
3.3 Design of qPCR Assay for FFPE Tissue RNA 17
3.4 Processing of qPCR Expression Data 17
3.5 Statistical Analysis 17
4 Results and Discussion 17
4.1 Clinical Application 19
4.2 Cellular Functions of Prognostic Genes 19
4.3 Limitations 19
5 Conclusion and Recommendation for Future Work 20
References 21
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Dried Fruit Peel Extract 22
1 Introduction 22
2 Materials and Methods 23
3 Results and Discussion 27
4 Conclusion 35
References 35
Optimization of the Electrospinning Process to Create Pure Gelatin Methacrylate Microstructures for Tissue Engineering Applications 37
1 Introduction 37
2 Aims and Objectives 38
3 Methods and Materials 38
4 Results and Discussion 40
5 Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Work 44
Appendix 45
References 47
Study of Bird Feathers to Improve Design of Absorbent Pads for Greater Efficiency of Oil Spill Removal 49
1 Introduction 49
2 Hypothesis 50
3 Methodology 50
3.1 Comparison of Oil Adsorption Ability of Feathers and Regular Paper Towels 51
3.2 Effect of Surface Area to Mass Ratio on Oil Absorption Ability of Absorbent Pads 51
3.3 Comparison of Oil Adsorbency of Materials 51
4 Results and Discussion 53
5 Conclusion and Future Works 57
Appendix 59
References 60
Design of Smart Antimicrobial Materials Based on Silver-Silica Nanocapsules 61
1 Background and Purpose of Research Area 62
2 Engineering Goal of Project 62
3 Methods and Materials 63
3.1 Synthesis of Silica Nanocapsules 63
3.2 Synthesis of Silver Nanocapsules (AgNCs) 63
3.3 Characterization Methods 63
3.4 Preliminary Processing of Composite Antimicrobial Biomaterial Using PVA Film 64
3.5 Preliminary Processing of Composite Antimicrobial Biomaterial Using F127 Hydrogel 64
4 Results and Discussion 65
4.1 Silica Nanocapsules Templates 65
4.2 Optimization of the Synthesis Conditions of AgNCs 65
4.3 Properties of AgNCs 67
4.4 Incorporation of AgNCs into PVA Film to Form Composite Biomaterial 68
4.5 Incorporation of AgNCs into F127 Hydrogel to Form Composite Biomaterial 69
5 Results and Discussion 70
Appendices 70
Appendix 1: Synthesis of Silica Nanocapsules 70
Appendix 2: Variation of Reaction Conditions to Synthesize AgNCs 71
Appendix 3: Response of AgNCs to Acidic Conditions 71
Appendix 4: Incorporation of AgNCs into PVA Film to Form Composite Material 73
Appendix 5: Sol-to-Gel Transition of F127 Hydrogel at Different wt% 73
References 74
Investigation of Low Cost Eye Tracker and EEG for Objectively Assessing Vigilance Level 75
1 Background and Purpose of Research 76
2 Objective and Hypothesis 76
3 Experiment Design and Data Collection 77
3.1 Experimental Design for Sensor Evaluation 77
3.2 Experimental Design for Vigilance Testing 78
4 Data Analysis and Evaluation 81
5 Discussion 84
6 Conclusion 84
References 85
Human Attribute Classification for Re-identification Across Non-overlapping Cameras 87
1 Introduction 87
2 Hypothesis 88
3 Methods and Materials 88
3.1 Inception V3 88
3.2 Person Re-ID Base-Net 89
3.3 Evaluation Methods 90
4 Results and Discussion 92
5 Conclusion and Future Work 95
Appendix: Code to Calculate Precision and Recall of Each Attribute 96
References 98
The Power of the Micro-tide 99
1 Literature Review and Background 99
2 Hypothesis 100
3 Methodology 100
4 Results and Discussion 101
5 Conclusion and Further Advancements 107
Appendix 107
References 108
The Application of Markov Chains in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) Games 109
1 Introduction and Purpose 109
2 Hypothesis 111
3 Methodology 112
3.1 Derivation of Model 112
3.2 Experiment 113
4 Results 115
5 Discussion and Conclusion 121
References 122
Investigating the Air Quality in Bus Stops Using IoT-Enabled Devices 123
1 Introduction 123
2 Hypothesis 125
3 Methods and Materials 125
3.1 Mobile AirQ and Smartphone App 125
4 Results and Discussion 129
4.1 Position within Bus Stop 129
4.2 Frequency of Buses Arriving 131
4.3 Vehicular Traffic 131
5 Conclusion 132
References 133
Novel Method to Reconstruct a Surface Grid Using Linear Regression Modelling 134
1 Introduction 134
2 Engineering Goal 135
3 Methodology and Materials 135
3.1 Image Analysis 135
3.2 Geometric Relations (GR) Method 136
3.3 Linear Regression Models (LRMs) Method 137
3.4 Initialising Linear Regression Models (LRMs) 138
3.5 Training Linear Regression Models (LRMs) 140
3.6 Translation and Rotation of Points 141
4 Results and Discussion 142
5 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work 142
Appendix: Similar triangle 144
References 144
Demonstration of Switching Plasmonic Chirality via Geometric Transformations for Biosensing Applications 145
1 Introduction 145
2 Methods 146
3 Results and Discussion 149
4 Conclusion 150
References 151
Microbial Fuel Cells: Food Waste as a Sugar Source 153
1 Introduction 153
1.1 Background of Research 153
1.2 Objective 154
1.3 Hypothesis 155
2 Methodology 155
2.1 Preparation of Food Waste Substrates 155
2.2 Assembling of Microbial Fuel Cells 155
2.3 Testing of Microbial Fuel Cells 155
2.4 Food Tests 156
3 Results and Discussion 156
3.1 Microbial Fuel Cell Setups Results 156
3.2 Food Test Results 159
3.3 Discussion 159
4 Conclusion 160
5 Future Work 160
References 161
Cross-Talk Between Cell Mechanics and Biochemical Signalling Pathways via Modulation of Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Transcription Factors: A Novel Approach to Study Fibroblasts in Breast Cancer Environments 162
1 Introduction 163
2 Methods and Materials 164
2.1 Cell Culture and Treatment 164
2.2 Engineering Cells in 3D Collagen Matrix 164
2.3 Micropatterning 164
2.4 Fluorescent Staining on 3D Matrix 165
2.5 Fluorescent Staining on 2D Micro-Patterned Substrates 165
2.6 Imaging, Digital Image Analysis and Statistical Analysis 166
3 Results and Discussion 166
3.1 Cellular Mechanics Impinge on Nuclear Morphology 166
3.2 Cellular Mechanics Modulate Cellular Response to TNF-Alpha Stimulation 169
3.3 Cellular Mechanics Modulate Cellular Response to Stimulation with MCF-7 Conditioned Media 172
3.4 Cellular Mechanics Modulate Vimentin Protein Levels 174
4 Conclusion and Future Work 175
Appendices 178
Micro-patterned Fibronectin 178
NIH3T3 Embryonic Mouse Fibroblasts on Patterns 178
References 179
A Study of Chitosan Films as a Feasible Material for Wound Dressing 181
1 Introduction 181
2 Materials and Methods 182
2.1 Synthesis of Chitosan Film 182
2.2 Modifications Made to Standard Film 182
2.3 Incorporation of Other Chemicals 182
3 Testing of Synthesised Material 183
3.1 Tensile Strength Test 183
3.2 Antibacterial Property Test 183
3.3 Air Permeability Test 184
3.4 Effects of Water on Film 184
4 Experimental Data and Analysis 184
4.1 Tensile Strength Test 184
4.2 Antibacterial Property Test 185
4.3 Air Permeability Test 187
4.4 Effects of Water on Film 188
5 Conclusion 188
6 Limitations 189
7 Future Research 189
References 190
Demonstration Kit for Battery-Less RF Energy Harvesting Device 191
1 Introduction 191
2 System Setup 192
2.1 Receiving Antenna 192
2.2 Rectifier Circuit 192
2.3 Power Management Circuit 193
2.4 Sensor Tag 194
3 Development of Rectenna 194
4 Development of Sensor Tag 195
5 Development of Power Management Circuit 196
5.1 Configuration of Jumpers 196
5.2 Configuration of User Programmable Values 196
5.3 Selecting a Storage Element 199
5.4 Optimising the Power Management Circuit 199
6 Demonstration Kit Assembly and Testing 203
7 Conclusion 204
8 Future Work 204
References 205
A Novel Approach to Desalination Using Modified Bio-wastes as Adsorbents 206
1 Introduction 206
1.1 Background 206
1.2 Objective 207
1.3 Scope of Work 208
2 Methodology 208
2.1 Bleaching Banana Stem Waste 208
2.2 Dialysis of Polymers 209
2.3 Synthesis of Hydrogels 209
2.4 Batch Adsorption Studies 211
3 Results and Discussion 211
3.1 Characterization 211
3.2 Batch Adsorption Studies 213
4 Conclusion 215
5 Future Work 216
References 216
Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells Using Flora Extracts 218
1 Introduction 218
2 Methods 220
2.1 Dye Extraction 220
2.2 Preparation of TiO2 Paste 220
2.3 Preparation of Carbon Coated Glass Plates 220
2.4 Preparation of 1% Agarose Gel with 4% NaCl 220
2.5 Assembly of Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells 220
2.6 Test for Voltage 221
3 Results and Discussion 221
3.1 Analysis of Experimental Results 221
3.2 Spectrum Graph Analysis 224
4 Conclusion 224
5 Future Work 226
References 227
Genes Associated with Disease-Free Survival Prognosis of Renal Cancers 228
1 Introduction 229
2 Methodology 229
2.1 Overview 229
2.2 Selecting Differentially Expressed Genes from the Cancer Genome Atlas 231
2.3 Kaplan-Meier Plots 231
2.4 Log-Rank Test and Hazard Ratio 231
2.5 Criterion for Kaplan-Meier Plots 233
2.6 Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8 233
3 Results and Discussion 234
3.1 Overview 234
3.2 Kidney Chromophobe 234
3.3 Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma 236
3.4 Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma 237
3.5 Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma 238
4 Conclusion 238
References 240
Regeneration of ?-Cellulose Nanofibers Derived from Vegetable Pulp Waste to Intercept Airborne Microparticulates 242
1 Introduction 243
2 Hypothesis 243
3 Methodology 244
3.1 Selection of Fibre Composition 244
3.2 Dissolving Pulp 244
3.3 Fibril Aggregation via Kraft Process 245
3.4 Acetylation, Hypochlorite Bleaching and Drying 245
4 Results and Analysis 246
4.1 Characterisation via Scanning Electron Microscopy 246
4.2 Efficiency Test via Aerosol Microparticulate Counter Test 248
4.3 Characterisation via Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 253
5 Conclusion 253
6 Future Work 254
References 255
Biofabrication of Organotypic Full-Thickness Skin Constructs 256
1 Background and Purpose of Research 256
2 Engineering Goal 257
3 Methods and Materials 258
3.1 Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis 258
3.2 Preparation of Peptide Hydrogels 258
3.3 Rheological Analysis 258
3.4 HDF and HDK Culture 258
3.5 Encapsulation of HDF and Cytotoxicity Assay 259
3.6 Organotypic Skin Co-cultures 259
3.7 Histology 259
3.8 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 260
3.9 Qualitative Gene Expression Analysis Using Real Time PCR 260
4 Results and Discussion 260
4.1 Peptide Synthesis 260
4.2 Gelation Behavior and Mechanical Properties 261
4.3 HDF Encapsulation 262
4.4 Organotypic Skin Culture 262
4.5 Gene Expression 264
5 Conclusions, Challenges Encountered and Recommendations for Future Work 265
Appendix 266
References 267
Resolving the Diagnostic Odyssey of a Patient with an Undefined Neuromuscular Disorder Using Massively Parallel Sequencing Approaches 269
1 Introduction 269
2 Hypothesis 270
3 Methods 270
3.1 Variant Filtration 271
3.2 Variant Prioritisation 272
4 Results and Discussion 273
4.1 Sequence Variations 273
4.2 Structural and Copy Number Variations 273
4.3 Discussion 276
5 Conclusion 277
References 277
Eccentric Mass Designs of Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterials to Improve Acoustic Performance 280
1 Introduction 280
2 Hypothesis 281
3 Materials and Methods 282
4 Results and Discussion 283
4.1 Membrane and Frame Only 284
4.2 Circular Split Ring Masses Circle1 and Circle2 284
4.3 Circular Ring Masses 2-circles1 and 2-circles2 287
5 Conclusion 290
Appendix 290
References 293
Investigating the Aerodynamic Performance of Biomimetic Gliders for Use in Future Transportation 294
1 Background and Purpose of Research 294
1.1 Importance of Research 294
1.2 Literature Review 295
1.3 Rationale for Research 295
1.4 Flying and Gliding Species Studied 295
2 Hypothesis 295
3 Method and Materials 296
3.1 Choosing of Species 296
3.2 Scale Modelling and Realisation of Distorted Models 297
3.3 3D Modelling and Analysis Using XFLR5 298
3.4 Verification of Results Using ANSYS Fluent 300
3.5 Validation of Top 2 Models’ Results Using the Open Return Wind Tunnel 301
3.6 Analysis of Conventional Design Using ANSYS Fluent 303
3.7 Full-Scale Model Simulation Using ANSYS Fluent 303
3.8 Prototyping and Testing of the Best Model 304
4 Results and Discussion 304
4.1 Criteria for Comparing and Selecting Models with Better Performance 304
4.2 Characteristics and Comparison of Results 305
4.3 Comparison between Javan Cucumber and Conventional Design 308
4.4 Testing Prototype on a MAV 309
4.5 Limitations 309
5 Conclusion and Recommendations 310
6 Future Work 311
References 311
Building Nanostructured Porous Silica Materials Directed by Surfactants 313
1 Introduction 314
2 Methods 316
2.1 Materials 316
2.2 Preparation of Starting Materials 316
2.3 Synthesis of Templated Silica Nanostructures 316
2.4 Design of the Experimental Matrix 317
2.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy 317
3 Results and Discussion 317
3.1 Preparation of the DDAH2PO4 Structure-Directing Agent 317
3.2 Synthesis of Surfactant-Directed Silica Nanostructures 319
3.3 Silica Morphologies as a Function of Concentration 319
3.4 Silica Morphologies as a Function of Temperature 321
4 Conclusion and Future Work 321
References 322
Buccal Delivery of Curcumin to Address Its Poor Gastrointestinal Stability 324
1 Introduction 325
2 Hypothesis 326
3 Methodology 326
3.1 Nanoplex 326
3.2 Film Matrix and Plating 326
3.3 Characterisation of Film 327
4 Results and Discussion 329
4.1 Characterisation of Films 329
5 Conclusion 334
References 334
Developing Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids to Regulate Dysregulated Splicing 337
1 Introduction 337
2 Understanding Tauopathy 339
3 Methods and Materials 343
3.1 Synthesis of PNA Monomers by Solution-Phase Organic Synthesis 343
3.2 Synthesis of PNA Oligomers by Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis 343
3.3 Testing the Affinity of the Designed PNA to the Target RNA Hairpin (PAGE) 344
4 Results and Discussions 344
5 Conclusion and Future Work 347
References 348
Making 2D Nanolayers Visible by Optical Imaging 350
1 Background and Purpose of Research 350
2 Hypothesis 351
3 Methods and Materials 352
3.1 Experimental Setup 352
3.2 Determination of Indices 352
3.3 Computation 353
4 Results and Discussion 354
4.1 Benchmark 354
4.2 Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) on Top of SiO2 and Si Wafer 354
4.3 Molybdenum Diselenide (MoSe2) on Top of SiO2 and Si Wafer 356
4.4 Further Analysis of Data 358
5 Conclusion and Recommendations for Further Work 359
Annex 359
References 361
Predicting Individual Thermal Comfort 363
1 Introduction 363
1.1 General Problem 363
1.2 Motivation 364
1.3 Hypothesis 364
2 Background, Terminology and Problem Statement 364
2.1 Problem Statement 364
2.2 Defining “Thermal Comfort” 364
2.3 Specific Problem 365
3 Experimental Setup 365
3.1 Plan 365
3.2 Reasoning 366
3.3 Methodology 366
4 Results and Analysis 367
4.1 Results 367
4.2 Figures and Tables 368
5 Conclusion and Future Work 372
5.1 Summarisation of Findings 372
5.2 Link to Motivation 372
5.3 Future Work 372
References 372
Novel Design of Anode Flow Field in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 374
1 Introduction 374
2 Methodology 377
2.1 ANSYS Fluent 18.2 377
2.2 Model Geometry 378
2.3 Boundaries Conditions 379
2.4 Model Validation 379
3 Ideation 380
3.1 Description of Design 1 380
3.2 Description of Design 2 380
3.3 Description of Design 3 381
4 Results and Discussion 382
5 Conclusion 384
6 Future Work 385
References 385
Simulation-Based Analysis of a Network Model for Autonomous Vehicles with Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication 387
1 Introduction 388
2 Previous Work 388
3 Mathematical Model 389
3.1 Research Methodology 389
3.2 Modifications Made for a Road Network Adaptation 390
3.3 Modifications Made for Autonomous Vehicles and Their V2V Capabilities 391
4 Results and Analysis 392
4.1 Impact of Signal Time, T 392
4.2 Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Rate 392
4.3 Impact of Shortest Path Algorithm 393
5 Conclusion and Future Work 397
References 397
Structural Biomimetic Scaffold Modifications for Bones 399
1 Introduction 399
2 Methodology 401
2.1 Designing of Scaffold 401
2.2 Tensile Strength Test 403
3 Results and Discussion 404
3.1 Comparison of Surface Area 404
4 Strength of Scaffolds 405
4.1 Amount of Sustainable Pressure 405
4.2 Analysis of Fracture 406
5 Conclusion 407
6 Limitations 408
7 Future Work 408
References 409
Vision-Based Navigation for Control of Micro Aerial Vehicles 411
1 Introduction 411
1.1 MAV Platform: Crazyflie 2.0 412
1.2 External Positioning System: Optitrack 412
1.3 Robot Operating System: ROS 413
2 Mathematical Modelling 413
2.1 Crazyflie Dynamics 413
3 Motion Tracking with the Optitrack System 415
3.1 Coordinate Axis Conversion for Position 417
3.2 Coordinate Axis Conversion for Orientation 417
4 Software Integration in ROS for Path Control of the Crazyflie 2.0 418
5 Experiments and Test Results 420
5.1 Position and Orientation Axis Conversion Experiment 420
5.2 Hover Experiment 421
5.3 Waypoint Trajectory 421
6 Conclusion 424
References 424