Decision and Control in Hybrid Wind Farms (eBook)
XXII, 140 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-15-0275-0 (ISBN)
This book focuses on two of the most important aspects of wind farm operation: decisions and control. The first part of the book deals with decision-making processes, and explains that hybrid wind farm operation is governed by a set of alternatives that the wind farm operator must choose from in order to achieve optimal delivery of wind power to the utility grid. This decision-making is accompanied by accurate forecasts of wind speed, which must be known beforehand. Errors in wind forecasting can be compensated for by pumping power from a reserve capacity to the grid using a battery energy storage system (BESS). Alternatives based on penalty cost are assessed using certain criteria, and MCDM methods are used to evaluate the best choice. Further, considering the randomness in the dynamic phenomenon in wind farms, a fuzzy MCDM approach is applied during the decision-making process to evaluate the best alternative for hybrid wind farm operation. Case studies from wind farms in the USA are presented, together with numerical solutions to the problem.
In turn, the second part deals with the control aspect, and especially with yaw angle control, which facilitates power maximization at wind farms. A novel transfer function-based methodology is presented that controls the wake center of the upstream turbine(s); lidar-based numerical simulation is carried out for wind farm layouts; and an adaptive control strategy is implemented to achieve the desired yaw angle for upstream turbines. The proposed methodology is tested for two wind farm layouts. Wake management is also implemented for hybrid wind farms where BESS life enhancement is studied. The effect of yaw angle on the operational cost of BESS is assessed, and case studies for wind farm datasets from the USA and Denmark are discussed. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive guide to decision and control aspects for hybrid wind farms, which are particularly important from an industrial standpoint.
Harsh S Dhiman is currently pursuing his Ph.D. at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India. He obtained his Master's degree in Electrical Power Engineering from the Faculty of Technology & Engineering, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India, and his B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering from the Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India. His research interests include hybrid operation of wind farms, hybrid wind forecasting techniques, and wake management at wind farms.
Dipankar Deb received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, under the supervision of Prof. Gang Tao, in 2007. In 2017, he was elected to be an IEEE Senior Member. He has served as a Lead Engineer at GE Global Research, Bengaluru (2012-2015) and as an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at the IIT Guwahati (2010-2012). Presently, he is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, India. His research interests include control theory, stability analysis, and renewable energy systems.
This book focuses on two of the most important aspects of wind farm operation: decisions and control. The first part of the book deals with decision-making processes, and explains that hybrid wind farm operation is governed by a set of alternatives that the wind farm operator must choose from in order to achieve optimal delivery of wind power to the utility grid. This decision-making is accompanied by accurate forecasts of wind speed, which must be known beforehand. Errors in wind forecasting can be compensated for by pumping power from a reserve capacity to the grid using a battery energy storage system (BESS). Alternatives based on penalty cost are assessed using certain criteria, and MCDM methods are used to evaluate the best choice. Further, considering the randomness in the dynamic phenomenon in wind farms, a fuzzy MCDM approach is applied during the decision-making process to evaluate the best alternative for hybrid wind farm operation. Case studies from wind farms in theUSA are presented, together with numerical solutions to the problem. In turn, the second part deals with the control aspect, and especially with yaw angle control, which facilitates power maximization at wind farms. A novel transfer function-based methodology is presented that controls the wake center of the upstream turbine(s); lidar-based numerical simulation is carried out for wind farm layouts; and an adaptive control strategy is implemented to achieve the desired yaw angle for upstream turbines. The proposed methodology is tested for two wind farm layouts. Wake management is also implemented for hybrid wind farms where BESS life enhancement is studied. The effect of yaw angle on the operational cost of BESS is assessed, and case studies for wind farm datasets from the USA and Denmark are discussed. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive guide to decision and control aspects for hybrid wind farms, which are particularly important from an industrial standpoint.
Preface 7
Acknowledgements 9
Contents 10
About the Authors 12
Acronyms 13
List of Figures 15
List of Tables 18
1 Fundamentals of Wind Turbine and Wind Farm Control Systems 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Blade-Pitch Control for Wind Turbines 22
1.3 Wake Control for Wind Turbines 26
1.4 Wind Turbine Micro-Siting 32
1.5 Hybrid Wind Farms: Paradigms and Challenges 35
References 36
2 Multi-criteria Decision-Making: An Overview 38
2.1 Terminologies Related to MCDM 39
2.2 MCDM: Materials and Methods 40
2.2.1 Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method 40
2.2.2 Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution 43
2.2.3 Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) Method 46
2.3 The Analytic Hierarchy Process 48
2.4 ELECTRE Method 50
2.5 Preference Ranking Organization Method of Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) 51
2.6 Sensitivity Analysis in Decision-Making 53
References 54
3 Decision-Making in Hybrid Wind Farms 56
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Problem Formulation 58
3.3 Results and Discussions 61
3.4 Comparative Analysis of MCDM Methods 69
3.5 Decision-Making for Wind Farms in Hills 70
3.6 Decision-Making for Offshore Wind Farms 71
References 75
4 Fuzzy-Based Decision-Making in Hybrid Wind Farms 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 Fuzzy MCDM: Materials and Methods 79
4.2.1 Fuzzy Numbers: Fundamentals 79
4.2.2 Fuzzy TOPSIS 81
4.2.3 Fuzzy COPRAS 82
4.3 Results and Discussions 84
4.4 Fuzzy-Based Decision-Making for Hilly Wind Sites and Offshore Wind Farms 89
References 94
5 Control Applications in Hybrid Wind Farms 95
5.1 Introduction 96
5.2 Closed-Loop Control Methodology 99
5.2.1 Wind Turbine Model 100
5.2.2 Wake Center Estimation 101
5.3 Wake Center Estimation and Adaptive Control 102
5.4 Performance Parameters for Waked Wind Farms 106
5.5 Adaptive PID Control Scheme 108
5.6 Results and Discussions 111
5.7 Case Study for 15-Turbine Wind Farm Layout 118
References 123
6 BESS Life Enhancement for Hybrid Wind Farms 127
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Problem Formulation 130
6.2.1 Wind Forecasting Using Least Square Support Vector Regression 131
6.2.2 SoC Estimation Based on Energy Reservoir Model 133
6.2.3 Operational Cost Model for BESS 135
6.2.4 Wake Management for Wind Farms 135
6.3 Numerical Simulation for Proposed Methodology 137
6.3.1 Operational Cost and Life Enhancement for Hilly Wind Site 139
6.3.2 Operational Cost Based on Global Battery Aging Model 144
6.4 Discussion 145
References 146
Appendix Appendix 149
A.1 Barbalat's Corollary 149
A.2 Wind Speed Datasets 150
A.3 Simple Additive Weighting 150
A.4 Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution 151
A.5 Complex Proportional Assessment 152
A.6 Fuzzy TOPSIS 153
A.7 Fuzzy COPRAS 155
Appendix Epilogue 157
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 28.9.2019 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | Studies in Systems, Decision and Control | Studies in Systems, Decision and Control |
| Zusatzinfo | XXII, 140 p. 64 illus., 62 illus. in color. |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Programmiersprachen / -werkzeuge |
| Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Algorithmen | |
| Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Analysis | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie | |
| Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik | |
| Technik ► Maschinenbau | |
| Schlagworte | Adaptive Control • Bess • Decision Making • Fuzzy MCDM • Wind Farms • Wind Wakes • Yaw Angle |
| ISBN-10 | 981-15-0275-7 / 9811502757 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-981-15-0275-0 / 9789811502750 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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