Earth's Low-Latitude Boundary Layer

Patrick T. Newell and Terry Onsager are the authors of Earth's Low-Latitude Boundary Layer, published by Wiley.

Preface
P. T. Newell and T G. Onsager ix

Historical Background

Historical Review (Pre-1980) of Magnetospheric Boundary Layers and the Low-Latitude Boundary Layer
Timothy E. Eastman 1

LLBL Theory and Modeling From a Global Perspective
Theory of the Low Latitude Boundary Layer and Its Coupling to the Ionosphere: A Tutorial Review
Bengt U. O. Sonnerup and Keith D. Siebert 13

Modeling Magnetospheric Sources
Raymond J. Walker, Maha Ashour-Abdalla, Tatsuki Ogino, Vahe Peroomian, and Robert L Richard 33

Interplanetary Magnetic Field-Dependent Impact of Solar Wind Ions on Earth's Magnetopause
Vahe Peroomian 45

Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability and Magnetic Reconnection: Mass Transport at the LLBL
A. Otto and K. Nykyri 53

LLBL Structure: High-Altitude Observations
Cluster Magnetic Field Observations of Magnetospheric Boundaries
T S. Horbury,, A. Balogh, M. W. Dunlop, P. J. Cargill, E. A. Lucek, T Oddyf P. Brown, C. Can  53

K.-H. Fornagon, and E. Georgescu 63
The Structure of Magnetopause Layers at Low Latitudes: INTERBALL Contributions
Z. Nemecek, J. Safrankova, L Prech, and J.-A. Sauvaud 71

Enhanced Magnetospheric/Boundary Layer Plasma Flows Observed During Transient Magnetopause Crossings
K-H. Kim, N. Lin, C A. Cattell, D.-H. Lee, S. Kokubun, T Mukai, and K. Tsuruda 83

High-Latitude Magnetic Reconnection in Sub-Alfvenic Flow as Observed by Inter ball Tail on 29 May 1996
V. N. Smirnov, L. A. Avanov, J. H. Waite, Jr., S. A. Fuselier, and O. L. Vaisberg 93

Energetic Ions in the High Latitude Boundary Layer of the Magnetosphere - RAPID/CLUSTER Observation
Q .- C . Zong, T A. Fritz, B. Wilken, and P. Daly 101

Formation of the LLBL by Merging
Low-Latitude Boundary Layer Formation by Magnetic Reconnection
T G. Onsager and J. D. Scudder 111



A Model of the Formation of the Low-Latitude Boundary Layer for Northward IMF by Reconnection:
A Summary and Review
P. Song, C. T. Russell, T. I. Gombosi, and D. L DeZeeuw 121

Formation of the LLBL in the Context of a Unifying Magnetopause Reconnection Mechanism
Athanasios Boudouridis, Harlan E. Spence, and J. G. Onsager 131

Antiparallel Reconnection as a Possible Source of High- and Low-Latitude Boundary Layers
A. Federov, E. Budnik, H. Stenuit, T. Moreau, and J.-A. Sauvaud 139

Formation of the LLBL by Collective Kinetic Effects
Magnetosheath Injections Deep Inside the Closed LLBL: A Review of Observations
Patrick T. Newell and Ching-I. Meng 149

Initial Condition for Plasma Transfer Events
Walter J. Heikkila 157

The Impulsive Penetration Mechanism: Advances in the Numerical and Experimental Verification
Marius M. Echim and Joseph Lemaire 169

Signatures of Direct Magnetosheath Plasma Injections Onto Closed Field-Line Regions
Based on Observations at Mid- and Low-Altitudes
M. Yamauchi, R. Lundin, O. Norberg, I. Sandahl, L Eliasson, and D. Winningham 1 79

LLBL and Wave Effects
ELF/VLF Plasma Waves in the Low Latitude Boundary Layer
Bruce T. Tsurutani, Gurbax S. Lakhina, Liwei Zhang, Jolene S. Pickett, and Yoshiya Kasahara 189

Equator-S Observations of Boundary Signatures: FTE's or Kelvin-Helmholtz Waves?
K. Nykyri, A. Otto, J. Buchner, B. Nikutowski, W. Baumjohann, L M. Kistler, and C. Mouikis 205

Kinetic Alfven Waves at the Magnetopause—Mode Conversion, Transport, and Formation of LLBL
Jay R. Johnson and C. Z. Cheng 211

Nonconjugate ULF Wave Power Observed by Ground Magnetometers in the Northern and Southern
Dayside Cusp/Cleft/LLBL Regions
M. J. Engebretson, J. L. Posch, and W. J. Hughes 223

High-Latitude Mapping of ULF Activity, Field-Aligned Currents, and DMSP-Based Dayside
Magnetospheric Domains
ViacheslavA. Pilipenko, Valeriy A. Martines-Bedenko, Mark J. Engebretson, Vladimir O. Pctpitashvilli,
and Patrick T. Newell 231