Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology

Leo Posthuma, Glenn W. Suter II, Theo P. Traas

General Introduction to Species Sensitivity Distributions. North American history of Species Sensitivity Distributions. European history of Species Sensitivity Distributions. Theory of Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Species Sensitivity Distributions. Normal Species Sensitivity Distributions and Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment. Extrapolation Factors for Tiny Toxicity Data Sets from Species Sensitivity Distributions with Known Standard Deviation. Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecological Risk Assessment: Distributional Assumptions, Alternate Bootstrap Techniques, and Estimation of Adequate Number of Species. The Value of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Concept for Predicting Field Effects: (Non-)Confirmation of the Concept Using Semi-Field Experiments. Effects Assessment of Fabric Softeners: the DHTDMAC-Case. Use of Species Sensitivity Distributions in the Derivation of Water Quality Criteria for Aquatic life by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Risk Limits in the Netherlands. A Rank-Based Approach to Deriving Canadian Soil and Sediment Quality Guidelines. Ecotoxicological Soil Quality Criteria in Denmark. The Potentially Affected Fraction as a Measure of Ecological Risk. Methodology for Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment. Toxicity-Based Assessment of Water Quality. Mapping Risks of Heavy Metals to Birds and Mammals Using Species Sensitivity Distributions. Ecotoxicological Impacts in Life Cycle Assessment. Issues and Practices in the Derivation and Use of Species Sensitivity Distributions. Conceptual and Technical Outlook on Species Sensitivity Distributions. Appendices. References. Glossary. Acronyms. Subject Index.