Stinging Insect Allergy

Theodore M. Freeman, MD is a Retired US Air Force Colonel; Medical Director, Medical Lab Lifecare Hospital of San Antonio (within The South Texas Medical Center); Physician, San Antonio Asthma and Allergy Clinic San Antonio, TX, USA; and Current Immediate Past President, Texas Allergy Asthma and Immunology Society. He also serves on the Editorial Board, Annals Allergy Asthma and Immunology, and on the Board of Directors, American Board of Allergy and Immunology. James M. Tracy, DO is Managing Partner Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Associates, P.C. Omaha, NE, USA; Adjunct Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha, NE, USA; Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Division of Allergy & Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine Omaha, NE, USA. He is also Past Chairman, Insect Allergy Section, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI). He is also Past Chairman, Insect Allergy Section, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and is a Regent on the Board of Regents for the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.

Preface.- Part 1.- 1. History of Hymenoptera Allergy.- 2. Entomological Aspects of Insect Sting Allergy.- 3. Hymenoptera Venoms: Toxicity, Components, Stability and Standardization.- 4. Clinical Aspects of Hymenoptera Allergy: IgE Response Stings and Immunotherapy.- 5. Diagnostic In Vivo and In Vitro Methods in Insect Allergy.- 6. Pathologic Findings in Hymenoptera Sting Fatalities.- 7. Treatment of Hymenoptera Reactions: Acute and Prophylactic.- 8. Adverse Reactions to Skin Testing and Immunotherapy with Hymenoptera Venoms and Whole Body Extracts.- 9. Duration of Venom Immunotherapy.- Part 2.- 10. Unique Aspects of Bee Allergy and Reactions.- 11. The Imported Fire Ant: The United States Experience.- 12. Mosquito Hypersensitivity: Clinical Updates.- 13. Allergic Reactions to Biting Insects.- 14. Arthropods and Human Diseases.- Part 3.- 15. Behavior, Ecology, Natural History and Distribution of Stinging Hymenoptera.- 16. Insect Sting Allergy and Mast Cell Disease.- 17. Current Remaining Questions.