Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes

Kenneth W. W. Sims, University of Wyoming, USA. Kate Maher, Stanford University, USA. Daniel P. Schrag, Harvard University, USA.

List of Contributors vii

Preface ix

About the Companion Website xii

Dedication xiii

Part I High-Temperature/Deep Earth Processes

1 High-Temperature Kinetic Isotope Fractionation of Silicate Materials 3
Frank M. Richter

2 Ca and K Isotope Fractionation by Diffusion in Molten Silicates: Large Concentration Gradients Are Not Required to Induce Large Diffusive Isotope Effects 27
James M. Watkins, John N. Christensen, Donald J. DePaolo, and Frederick J. Ryerson

3 Calcium Isotope Constraints on Recycled Carbonates in Subduction- Related Magmas 43
Justin I. Simon

4 Reassessing the Role of Continental Lithospheric Mantle in Cenozoic Magmatism, Southwestern North America 57
G. Lang Farmer

5 Rhyolite Ignimbrite Generation in the Northern Andes: The Chalupas Caldera, Ecuador 87
Lisa Hammersley, Donald J. DePaolo, Bernardo Beate, and Alan L. Deino

6 Xenolith Constraints on “Self-Assimilation” and the Origin of Low δ18O Values in Mauna Kea Basalts 133
John C. Lassiter, Danny W. Anderson, Daniel Villanueva-Lascurain, Edward W. Marshall, and Jaime D. Barnes

7 Monitoring Volcanic Activity Through Combined Measurements of CO2 Efflux and (222Rn) and (220Rn) in Soil Gas: An Application to Mount Etna, Italy 167
Salvatore Giammanco and Kenneth W. W. Sims

Part II Low-Temperature/Shallow Earth Processes

8 The Carbon Isotope Record and Earth Surface Oxygenation 205
Thomas A. Laakso and Daniel P. Schrag

9 Detrital Garnet Geochronology: A New Window into Ancient Tectonics and Sedimentary Provenance 217
Kathryn A. Maneiro, Michelle K. Jordan, and Ethan F. Baxter

10 A Review of the Development of Cr, Se, U, Sb, and Te Isotopes as Indicators of Redox Reactions, Contaminant Fate, and Contaminant Transport in Aqueous Systems 237
Thomas M. Johnson, Jennifer L. Druhan, Anirban Basu, Noah E. Jemison, Xiangli Wang, Kathrin Schilling, and Naomi L. Wasserman

11 The Effects of Reactive Transport on Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Natural Environments 271
Alexandra V. Turchyn and Jennifer L. Druhan

12 A Reactive Transport Framework Describing Covariation in the Isotopic Ratios of Multiple Elements in Natural Systems 285
Jennifer L. Druhan and Alexandra V. Turchyn

13 Stable Ca Isotope Fractionation in Cenozoic Marine Mammals: Beyond Biomineralization and Trophic Positioning 301
Cole M. Messa, Kenneth W.W. Sims, Sean R. Scott, and Mark T. Clementz

Index 329