Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Ronald Ross Watson, PhD, is Professor of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. Dr. Watson began his research in public health at the Harvard School of Public Health as a Fellow in 1971 doing field work on vaccines in Saudi Arabia. He has done clinical studies in Colombia, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United States which provides a broad international view of public health. He has served in the military reserve hospital for 17 years with extensive training in medical responses to disasters as the chief biochemistry officer of a general hospital, retiring as a Lt. Colonel. He is a distinguished member of several national and international nutrition, immunology, and cancer societies. Dr. Watson’s career has involved studying many lifestyle aspects for their uses in health promotion. He has edited over 100 biomedical reference books and 450 papers and chapters. His teaching and research focuses on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs of abuse in heart function and disease in mouse models.

A. Introductions and overviews 1. The eye and vision: an overview

B. Macular degeneration 2. Overview of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration 3. Age-Related Macular Degeneration 4. The role of lipids and lipid metabolism in age related macular degeneration 5. Dietary Hyperlipidaemia And Retinal Microaneurysms 6. Antioxidants And Age-Related Macular Degeneration 7. Dietary patterns and Age-related Macular Degeneration 8. Resveratrol and the human retina 9. Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

C. Glaucomas and Cataracts 10. Glaucoma: an overview 11. Quercetin and Glaucoma 12. Glaucoma and antioxidant status 13. Role Of Natural Products In Glaucoma Management 14. Cataracts: an overview 15. Role of amino acids on prevention of lens proteins non-enzymatic glycation in vitro, in senile and diabetic cataract 16. Diabetic cataract and role of antiglycating phytochemicals

D. Other Eye Conditions 17. Effects of Coffee and Tea on Ocular Health and Disease 18. Molecular Pathways, Green Tea Extract, (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Ocular Tissue 19. Dry Eye Disease and Essential Fatty Acids 20. Effect of glucosamine on intraocular pressure 21. Nutrition and viral infections of the eye 22. Effects of grape-enriched antioxidant diet on retinal pigment epithelium organelles under oxidative stress

E. Obesity and Macronutrients 23. The Impact of Low Omega-3 Fatty Acids Diet On The Development Of The Visual System 24. Interlinks Between Vitamin A and Retinopathy 25. Molecular aspects of carotenoid metabolizing enzymes and implications for ophthalmology 26. Interconnecting the Mediterranean Diet and age-related macular degeneration

F. Micronutrients 27. Optic neuropathies caused by micronutrient deficiencies 28. Vitamin C and L-Arginine in Retinal cells and Its Relationship with the visual System 29. Bariatric (weight-loss) Surgery and the Eye 30. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma

G. Nutraceuticals 31. Anticataractogenic potential of dietary spices in diabetic condition 32. Fruit and vegetable intake and the macular pigment optical density 33. Gene expression and the impact of an antioxidant supplement in the cataractous lens 34. Statins and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Implications For Dietary Intake 35. Citicoline and eye health 36. Vitamin C functions in the cornea: Ultra-structural features in ascorbate deficiency