Renewable Energy and its Innovative Technologies (eBook)

Jayeeta Chattopadhyay received her Bachelor of Science with Honours in Chemistry from Bethune College, Calcutta University. She got her Master of Science in Chemistry from Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (2003), and Master of Technology in Fuels and Combustion from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi (2005). She obtained her Ph.D. in New Energy Engineering with best doctoral thesis award from Seoul National University of Science and Technology, S. Korea (2010). She has obtained the prestigious Fast Track Young Scientist Award (2010) and Early Career Research Award (2017) from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. She has published more than 20 research and review articles in high-impact peer-reviewed international journals, and she is the owner of one international patent. She is the reviewer of more than ten high-impact international journals and has been included in the editorial board of two international journals. Her research interest includes nano-structured materials for energy applications and thermo-degradation of solid waste materials. She also works on oscillatory chemical reactions and pattern formation in reaction–diffusion system. Earlier she was working as Research Scientist in Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Deoghar Off-campus, Jharkhand. She is presently working as Senior Assistant Professor, Amity University, Jharkhand, Ranchi, India.Mr. Rahul graduated in Mechanical Engineering in 2009 form BIT, postgraduated in Machine Design with distinction from BIT MESRA, Ranchi in 2014, and pursuing Ph.D. at National Institute of Technology, Patna since 2014. He is now an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering at AMITY University Jharkhand, Ranchi. He had served in various organizations like SSIPMT Raipur, Jain University Belgaum, and Sikkim Manipal University Gangtok. His specialized fields of research are: Design of machine components, Heat and mass transfer analysis, Renewable energy, assessment of wind power and Micro wind turbine. He has done more than 10 publications in the journal of national and international repute alongside conference proceedings. He had attended and organized seminar, workshop, and conference of national and international repute. Apart from research publication, he published four books on titles like fluid mechanics, fluid machinery and dynamics of machines. His subjects of interest are: Fluid mechanics, Heat and Mass transfer, Strength of materials, Kinematics of machines and machine design.Prof.(Dr.) Om Prakash graduated in Mechanical engineering in 1994, postgraduated in Design and Production of Thermal Power Equipment from NIT Tiruchirappalli in 1997, and Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 2005. He is now a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Dean of Faculty Welfare at National Institute of Technology, Patna. He had served in various organizations like Indian Airforce, Directorate of Training and Technical Education, Delhi College of Engineering, and Rajaram Sinde College of Engineering. His specialized fields of research are: Heat and mass transfer analysis, Energy audit and energy efficiency, biogas fueled diesel engine, and Micro wind turbine. He has done more than 30 publications in the journal of national and international repute. Apart from publication, he guided more than 15 students for M.Tech. and 10 students (completed and ongoing) for Ph.D. He had attended and organized seminar, workshop, and conference of national and international repute. He is the life member of professional bodies like SAEINDIA, Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers(ISHRAE), Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), the Institution of Engineers (India), and Society of Energy Engineers and Managers (SEEM).  

Preface 5
Acknowledgements 6
Contents 7
About the Editors 9
Site-Specific Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings Exposed to Rockfalls 12
1 Introduction 12
2 Vulnerability of Buildings Due to Rockfall Impacts 13
3 Description of Method 14
4 Proposed Framework to Assess Vulnerability of Buildings Exposed to Rockfall 15
4.1 Rockfall Intensity 15
4.2 Resistance of Buildings 16
5 Case Study 17
6 Conclusion and Discussion 19
References 20
To Study the Influence of Insurance Policy on the Agriculture Field and Indian Economy: Concept Paper 23
1 Introduction 24
1.1 Research in Indian Agriculture 24
1.2 Agriculture Financing 26
2 Methodology 27
2.1 Procedural Steps for Insurance Policy 29
3 Conclusion 32
References 34
Physical Properties of Dewatered Waste Sludge from Textile Processing Wastewater Facility for Construction Material Application 35
1 Introduction 35
2 Materials and Methods 36
3 Results and Discussion 37
4 Conclusions 39
References 39
Multilevel Inverter with Optimal Reduction of Power Semi-conductor Switches 41
1 Introduction 41
2 Reduced Switch Proposed Structure 42
3 Modes of Operation 46
4 Comparison with Other Topologies 49
5 Experimental and Simulation Results 54
6 Conclusions 56
References 58
Enhancement of Fatigue Life of TIG-Welded Joint by Friction Stir Processing 61
1 Introduction 61
2 Experiments 62
2.1 TIG Welding and FS Processing 62
2.2 Microstructure Characterization and Testing 63
3 Results and Discussion 65
3.1 Microstructure 65
3.2 Hardness 65
3.3 Tensile Strength 66
3.4 Fatigue Properties 67
4 Conclusion 68
References 68
Exergy Analysis and Irreversibility of Combustion Process of an Auxiliary Boiler for Marine Application 70
1 Introduction 71
2 Literature Review 71
3 Exergy Analysis 72
3.1 Chemical Exergy 72
3.2 Air Heating Increases Available Exergy 73
3.3 The Second-Law Efficiency and Irreversibility of Auxiliary Boiler 73
4 Numerical Analysis of Burner 74
5 Conclusions 75
References 77
Thermoeconomic Modelling and Analysis of Energy Conversion System: Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine 78
1 Introduction 80
2 Mathematical Modelling 81
2.1 Air/Gas Model 82
2.2 Compressor Model 83
2.3 Intercooler Model 83
2.4 Recuperator Model 84
2.5 Combustion Chamber Model 84
2.6 Cooled Gas Turbine Model 85
2.7 Economic Model 85
2.8 Cost Model 86
2.9 Performance and Evaluation Model 87
3 Result and Discussion 87
4 Conclusions 94
References 95
Fresh Water Algae: A Best Option for Renewable Energy Generation 98
1 Introduction 99
2 Materials and Methods 99
2.1 Water Quality Measurement, Collection, and Identification of Algal Biomass 99
2.2 Lipid Extraction 100
2.3 Transesterification, Fatty Acid Profile, and Biofuel Properties 101
2.4 Acid Hydrolysis and Sugar Fermentation 101
3 Result and Discussion 101
3.1 Water Quality, Algal Biomass Quantity, and Identification of Algae 101
3.2 Characterization of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) 102
3.3 Release of Fermentable Sugars 104
4 Conclusion 104
References 105
Parametric Optimization of Surface Roughness and Overcut in Electric Discharge Machining of Al-SiC Using Copper Electrode 107
1 Introduction 108
2 Experimental Procedure 109
3 Results and Discussion 114
3.1 Model Prediction Using RSM 115
3.2 Multi-response Optimization Using PSO 118
4 Conclusions 122
References 123
Biogas Plant Slurry Dewatering and Drying Using Hybrid System: A Review 125
1 Introduction 125
2 Technologies Used for Dewatering and Drying of Biogas Sludge 127
2.1 Different Dewatering Technologies Used for Sludge Drying 127
2.2 Drying Technology 128
3 Findings of Different Researchers 128
4 Result and Discussion 131
5 Conclusions 133
References 133
Equations of State for Various Dimensional Hard Hyper-sphere Fluids 134
1 Introduction 134
1.1 Equations of State for Hard Hyper-Spheres 134
1.2 Equation of State of Hard Hyper-Sphere in Arbitrary Dimension Using Pair Correlation Function 136
2 Aim of the Work 139
2.1 Test of Accuracy for a Set of Equations of State in 5-D and 7-D Hard Hyper-sphere 139
2.2 Test of Accuracy Using Pair Correlation Function 142
3 Conclusion 142
References 143
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Integrated with Gas Turbine Cycle—“A Hybrid Cycle” 146
1 Introduction 148
2 Thermodynamic Model Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine 150
2.1 Compressor 150
2.2 Recuperator 151
2.3 Gas Turbine 151
2.4 Power Turbine 151
2.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 152
3 Methodology 153
4 Results and Discussion 153
4.1 Effect of Ambient Temperature 156
4.2 Effect of Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) 157
4.3 Effect of Compression Ratio (rp) 157
5 Conclusions 158
References 158
Energetic and Exergetic Performance Analysis of a CI Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Blended Plastic Pyrolytic Oil 161
1 Introduction 163
2 Experimental Investigation 164
2.1 Energy Analysis 165
2.2 Exergy Analysis 169
3 Result and Discussion 172
3.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency 172
3.2 Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption 172
3.3 Energy Analysis of Tested Fuels 173
3.4 Exergy Analysis of Tested Fuels 173
3.5 Energetic and Exergetic Efficiency of Tested Fuels 174
4 Conclusion 175
References 175
Thermal Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Peltier Module 178
1 Introduction 179
2 Literature Review 180
3 Working Principle 181
3.1 Thermoelectric Behavior 182
3.2 THCU (Thermoelectric Cooling Heating Unit) 183
4 Process Description 183
4.1 Process Diagram 184
5 Results and Discussion 184
6 Conclusion 187
References 188
Experimental Investigation of Pumpless Vapour Absorption System 190
1 Introduction 190
2 Literature Review 191
3 System Description 192
3.1 Function Diagram of the Pumpless Absorption Refrigeration System 192
3.2 Absorption Refrigeration Process 192
3.3 Working Principle 192
3.4 Detailed Circuit Analyses 194
4 Result and Discussion 195
5 Conclusion 196
References 197
Recent Trends in Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Landslide Study 199
1 Introduction 199
2 Literature Review 200
3 Field Set Up Array 201
4 Recent Trends in ERT for Landslide Study 202
4.1 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography 202
4.2 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography 202
4.3 4D Electrical Resistivity Tomography 203
5 Advantages and Limitations of ERT in Landslide Study 203
6 Conclusions 205
References 205
Analysis of Evaporative Cooling of Inlet Air Influence on Gas Turbine Cycle Performance 209
1 Introduction 210
2 Research Methodology 210
3 Principle of Operation 211
4 Result and Discussions 213
4.1 Effect of Precooling on Specific Work Output and Efficiency of the Simple Cycle 213
4.2 Effect of Precooling on Specific Work Output and Efficiency of Intercooled Compression 215
4.3 Effect of Precooling on Specific Work Output and Efficiency of the Reheated Cycle 216
4.4 Effect of Precooling on Specific Work Output and Efficiency of the Regenerated Cycle 217
4.5 Effect of Precooling on Intercooled Compression and Reheated Cycle 218
4.6 Effect of Precooling on Specific Work Output and Efficiency of Reheated and Regenerated Cycle 219
4.7 Effect of Precooling on Specific Work Output and Efficiency with Increasing Pressure Ratio for Precooled Intercooled and Reheated with the Regenerated Cycle 220
5 Conclusion 221
References 222
Biodiesel Extracted from Waste Vegetable Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine: Performance Evaluation of Kirlosker 5 kW Engine 223
1 Introduction 224
2 Experimental Setup 224
3 Methodology 226
3.1 Fuel Consumption Rate (Fc) 227
3.2 Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) 227
3.3 Brake Thermal Efficiency (?) 227
3.4 Air–Fuel Ratio 228
4 Results and Discussion 228
4.1 Specific Fuel Consumption 228
4.2 Brake Thermal Efficiency 229
4.3 Air–Fuel Ratio 230
5 Conclusions 230
Appendix 231
References 232
Effects of Wire EDM Machining Variables on Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness of Al 6061 Alloy 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Experimentation 236
3 Experimental Results and Discussion 237
3.1 Mathematical Models for MRR and Ra 237
3.2 Analysis of Variance and Model Fitment Test 237
3.3 Optimal Process Parameter of MRR 241
3.4 Optimal Process Parameter of Surface Roughness (Ra) 241
4 Microstructure Analysis 242
5 Conclusion 243
References 244
Author Index 245