L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition

Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC University of Westminster Faculty of Science & Technology Department of Biomedical Sciences London, United Kingdom Victor R. Preedy, BSc, PhD, DSc Professor King's College London Dept Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutritional Sciences Division School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building London, United Kingdom Rajkumar Rajendram, AKC, BSc (Hons), MBBS (Dist), MRCP (UK), FRCA, EDIC, FFICM Nutritional Sciences Research Division Faculty of Life Science and Medicine King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building London, United Kingdom

Section 1: Basic Processes at theCellular Levels.- Arginineuptake by cells.- L-arginine and theexpression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins.- AMP-activatedprotein kinase and L-arginine.- Amidine-basedcompounds affecting arginine metabolism.-Oxy- and sulfoanalogues of L-arginine.-Regulation of expression and activity of L-arginine transporters bynutrients and hormones: A focus in transcriptional mechanisms regulated byglucose and insulin.- Arginine, pancreatic beta cell function anddiabetes: mechanisms of stimulated insulin release and pathways of metabolism.- Erythrocytesby-products of arginine catabolism.- Section 2: Arginine Metabolismand Functions.- Argininesynthesis from enteral proline.- Arginineand macrophages: role in classical and alternative activation.- Arginineand TNF alpha production in macrophages: a focus on metabolism, ageing,metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.- Argininemetabolism impairment during sepsis and diseases: causes and consequences.-Use of argininewith Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the endocrine response.- Serumarginase in healthy subjects and nitric oxide.- Section 3: Arginine Status in Cells Related to Organ Damage andDisease.- Protein Arginine Methylation of RNA-binding Proteins and TheirImpact on Human Diseases.- DNA-arginineadducts and implications in disease.- Homoarginineand L-arginine: Glycine amidinotransferase in stroke.- The L-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio inhealth and disease: an overview.- Arginineand its transporters in colorectal cancer.-Arginine Uptake and Its Role in the Survival of Breast Cancer Cells.- Section 4: Arginine Status and Use inHealthy Individuals.- Arginine production during pregnancy.- L-arginine in the uterus andplacenta and during gestation in mammals.-Oral L-arginine supplementation in young males: endocrinology, metabolic,and physiological responses at rest and during exercise.- Metabolicprecursors of L-Arginine supplementation in sport: a focus on L-Citrulline andL-Ornithine.- Section 5: Arginine andDiseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Arginine and its use in ameliorating Cryptosporidium parvum infection inundernourished children.- Arginineand Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) .- Dietary L-arginine and intestinalrecovery.- Enteral andparenteral arginine supplementation in intestinal ischemia and reperfusioninjury.- Mucosal Protection byArginine in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.- Enteral L-arginine and necrotizing enterocolitis.- Section 6: Therapeutic uses of Arginine:Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases.- L-arginine usage in Type Idiabetes: From the autoimmune event to human dietary supplementation.- Oral l-arginine supplementation andglucose metabolism and vascular function.-Arginine enriched apples and diabetic control.- Beneficial impact of cod protein, arginine and otheramino acids on insulin sensitivity.- Obese subjects and supplementalL-arginine.- Mitochondrial cardiomyopathyand usage of L-arginine.- ArginineMeasurement and Concentrations in Hypertension and other Cardiovascular Disease.- L-Arginineand cardiovascular disease.- Arginine therapy in sickle celldisease.- Section 7: Therapeutic Uses of Arginine: Cancer, WoundHealing and Infectious Disease.- Role of arginine in surgicalpatients with head and neck cancer.- Arginine-IncorporatedAlbumin Mesospheres: A Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy.- Use of L-arginine and glycinesupplementation to reduce radiotherapy damage.- Arginine in Cancer Therapy.- Mechanisms of Arginine-AuxotrophicResponse and Their Cancer Therapeutic Implications.- The role of arginine in wound healing.- L-arginine and bacterial translocation: implications for health.- L-arginine in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Argininein Health and Disease: Recommended Resources and Further Reading.