Nanooptics, Nanophotonics, Nanostructures, and Their Applications (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 11
Part I: Nanoscale Physics 16
Chapter 1: Anion Exchange Resin Modified with Nanoparticles of Hydrated Zirconium Dioxide for Sorption of Soluble U(VI) Compou... 17
1.1 Sorption Materials for Removal of Soluble U(VI) Compounds from Water 17
1.2 Synthesis of Composite Sorbents. A Study of Their Morphology 18
1.3 Investigation of U(VI) Sorption and Desorption 19
1.4 Precipitation of HZD in Anion Exchange Polymer: Theory 20
1.5 Visualization of Incorporated Particles 22
1.6 Uranium Sorption Under Batch Conditions 23
1.7 Regeneration of Sorbents 25
1.8 Conclusions 26
References 26
Chapter 2: High-Entropy Film Alloys: Electrophysical and Magnetoresistive Properties 30
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Methodology and Techniques Experiment 31
2.3 Results and Discussion 33
2.3.1 Crystalline Structure 33
2.3.2 Electrophysical Properties 34
2.3.3 Magnetoresistivity Properties 35
2.4 Conclusions 36
References 37
Chapter 3: Strain- and Adsorption-Dependent Electronic States and Transport or Localization in Graphene 38
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Defect-Configuration-Dependent Charge Carrier Transport 40
3.2.1 Modelling Electronic Transport, Bond Deformations and Defects 40
3.2.2 Calculated Density of States, Diffusivities and Conductivities 42
3.3 Adsorption-Driven Charge Carrier (Spin) Localization 47
3.3.1 Sample Preparation and Measurement Conditions 47
3.3.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 47
3.4 Summary and Conclusions 50
References 51
Chapter 4: The Theory of Absorption and Emission of Light by Free Electrons in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Integral of Collision Electrons with Quasiparticles in the Presence of an Electromagnetic Wave 56
4.3 Absorption of Light by Free Electrons in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors 61
4.4 Polarizing Effect in the Emission of Light by Free Electrons 67
4.5 Conclusions 68
References 69
Chapter 5: Mechanism of Active Electron Transfer in a Protein-Like Nanowire Under Real Conditions 70
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Methods 71
5.2.1 Some Properties of an Effective Residual Electrostatic Field 71
5.2.2 Basic System of Equations Taking into Account the Effective Residual Electrostatic Field 72
5.3 Results and Discussion 74
5.3.1 Graphical-Numerical Analysis of the Compatibility Condition for Conductivity States Detection in the Presence of an Effe... 74
5.3.2 Active electron transfer over the primary structure of the protein molecule. Estimates of electric current 78
5.4 Conclusions 81
References 81
Chapter 6: Electron Correlation Effects in Theoretical Model of Doped Fullerides 83
6.1 Introduction 83
6.2 Theoretical Model of Doped Fulleride Electronic Subsystem 85
6.3 Results and Discussion 89
6.4 Conclusions 95
References 96
Chapter 7: The Possible Mechanisms of Conductivity in Polyene-Like Polymers and Types of Conductivity in Maximally Feeble Exte... 99
7.1 Introduction 100
7.1.1 General Definition of the Current of the Injected Electron 101
7.1.2 General Analysis of the Conductivity of Molecular Structures of the Polyene-Like Type 106
7.1.3 The Current in the Case of Metal Type of the ``Crystal Lattice´´ of the Polymer Chain of the Polyene Type 109
7.2 Conclusions 111
References 111
Chapter 8: Nanosized Oxides of Different Compositions as Adsorbents for Hazardous Substances Removal from Aqueous Solutions an... 113
8.1 Introduction 113
8.2 Properties and Synthesis of Individual and Mixed Nanosized Oxides 114
8.3 Single, Mixed and Modified Nanosized Oxides as Adsorbents 116
8.3.1 Metal Ions 116
8.3.2 Dyes 122
8.3.3 Polymers 126
8.4 Conclusions 130
References 130
Chapter 9: Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanomaterials: Structure, Properties, and Application to Capacitive Deionization in Stat... 137
9.1 Capacitive Deionization 137
9.2 Carbon Electrodes and Their Characterization 138
9.3 Study of CDI Process in Static Cell 139
9.4 Porous Structure of Carbon Electrodes. Recognition of Micropores and Nanosized Voids 141
9.5 Morphology of Electrodes 144
9.6 Adsorption Capacity 144
9.7 Processes in Static Electrochemical Cell 145
9.8 Modeling of Processes in Static Cell Involving Parameters Attributed to Hydrophilic Micropores and Nanosized Voids 146
9.9 Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Data for Static Cell 149
9.10 Conclusions 153
References 154
Chapter 10: Gradient-Type Theory for Electro-Thermoelastic Non-ferromagnetic Dielectrics: Accounting for Quadrupole Polarizati... 157
10.1 Introduction 157
10.2 Equation of Entropy Balance 158
10.3 Electrodynamics Equations 158
10.4 Local Displacement of Mass 160
10.5 Energy Balance Law 161
10.6 Balance of Mass and Momentum 163
10.7 Constitutive Equations 165
10.8 Near-Surface Inhomogeneity 167
10.9 Conclusions 169
References 169
Chapter 11: Graphene Quantum Dots in Various Many-Electron ?-Models 171
11.1 Introduction 171
11.2 Computational Schemes 172
11.2.1 Electronic Instabilities and Lowest Excitations 172
11.2.2 Unrestricted and Extended Hartree-Fock Methods 173
11.3 ? -Electron Properties of Selected Nanographenes 174
11.3.1 Hartree-Fock Instabilities and Optical Transitions 175
11.3.2 Effectively Unpaired Electrons 176
11.3.3 Characterizing Nanographene Aromaticity 177
11.3.4 Effects of Weak and Strong Electrostatic Fields 178
11.4 Conclusion 181
References 182
Chapter 12: Electronic Properties of Defects in Carbon Nanotubes 185
12.1 Conclusion 191
References 191
Chapter 13: Features of Spin Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures with Nonmagnetic Metal Layers 193
13.1 Introduction 193
13.2 Spin Transport in the Case of Static Magnetic Field 195
13.2.1 Features of Spin-Dependent Electric Current in the F/N Bilayers 195
13.2.2 Passing the Electric Current Through the F|N Contact 196
13.2.3 Spin Parametric Dependence of Spin Current 201
13.2.4 Dependence of Spin Current on Contact Type 203
13.3 Spin Transport in the Case of Dynamic Magnetic Field 205
13.3.1 Features of Coupling Spin Currents with Magnetic Dynamics 205
13.3.2 Precession-Induced Spin Pumping Through F/N Interfaces 206
13.3.3 Spin-Accumulation-Driven Backflow in the F/N Bilayer 211
13.4 Conclusions 213
References 213
Part II: Nanooptics and Photonics 215
Chapter 14: Digital Interferometry Methods for the Surface Relief Study 216
14.1 Introduction 216
14.2 Theoretical Description of Surface Relief Study 217
14.2.1 The Phase-Shifting Interferometry Method 217
14.2.2 Digital Two-Wavelength Interferometry 219
14.3 The Developed Software 220
14.3.1 The Implementation of Phase-Shifting Interferometry Method 220
14.3.2 The Implementation of the Digital Two-Wavelength Interferometry Method 222
14.4 Results and Discussion 223
14.5 Conclusion 225
References 225
Chapter 15: Spectrum of Electron in Quantum Well with Continuous Position-Dependent Effective Mass 227
15.1 Introduction 227
15.2 Schrodinger Equation and Transmitting Coefficient in the Nano-heterostructure with Position-Dependent Effective Mass of E... 228
15.3 Analysis of the Results 231
15.4 Conclusions 235
References 236
Chapter 16: Design and Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Different Shapes Under the Influence of Photon Flows 238
16.1 Introduction 238
16.2 Theoretical Model 239
16.3 Materials and Methods 242
16.4 Results and Discussion 244
16.5 Conclusions 246
References 247
Chapter 17: Internal Reflection of the Surface of a Plasmonic Substrate Covered by Active Nanoparticles 249
17.1 Introduction 249
17.2 Problem Definition 251
17.3 Reflected Field 252
17.4 Numerical Calculation of Reflectance Spectra and Discussion 255
17.5 Conclusion 262
Appendices 263
Appendix A 263
Susceptibility of a Nanoparticle on the Surface in the Near-Field Approximation 263
Calculation of the Susceptibility of a Nanoparticle Layer 266
References 267
Chapter 18: Temperature Studies of Luminescence in Nanosize SnO2 Films 270
18.1 Introduction 270
18.2 Film Preparation and Research Methods 271
18.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 271
18.4 Conclusion 275
References 275
Part III: Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces 277
Chapter 19: Fabrication and Characterization of High-Performance Anti-reflecting Nanotextured Si Surfaces for Solar Cells 278
19.1 Introduction 278
19.2 Experimental Details 279
19.3 Results and Discussion 280
19.4 Conclusions 283
References 284
Chapter 20: Effects of Amino Acids Protonation on Double-Layer Parameters of the Electrode/Chlorates(VII) Interface, as well a... 287
20.1 Introduction 287
20.2 Materials and Apparatus 290
20.3 Experimental Methods 291
20.3.1 Adsorption Measurements 291
20.3.2 Kinetic Studies 291
20.4 Results and Discussion 293
References 300
Chapter 21: Phase Composition and Nanoporous Structure of Core and Surface in the Modified Granules of NH4NO3 303
21.1 Introduction 303
21.2 Description of Object and Methods of Research 304
21.2.1 Investigation of Phase Composition of Samples 304
21.2.1.1 Diffraction from the Selected Field (Microdiffraction) 304
21.2.1.2 Method of Bright-Field Image 304
21.2.1.3 Preparation of Objects for Microscopic Studies 305
21.2.2 Investigation of the Samples Crystal Structure 306
21.3 Visualization of Results and Discussion 307
21.3.1 Phase Composition of Samples 307
21.3.2 Crystal Structure of the PAN Sample 308
21.4 Conclusions 310
References 311
Chapter 22: Interaction-Induced Polarizability Anisotropy Correlations in Ultra-Thin Layer of Neon Atoms Confined Between Grap... 312
22.1 Introduction 312
22.2 Simulation Details 313
22.3 Interaction-induced Light Scattering DID Model 313
22.4 Results 314
References 316
Chapter 23: Sintering Methods of Inkjet-Printed Silver Nanoparticle Layers 318
23.1 Photonic Sintering 321
23.2 Laser Sintering 323
23.3 Sintering by Microwave Radiation 326
23.4 Plasma Sintering 328
23.5 Room-Temperature ``Sintering´´ Using Chemical Agents 331
23.6 Electrical Sintering 333
23.7 Conclusions 336
References 337
Chapter 24: Influence of Thermal Treatment on Phase Formation Processes in Amorphous Alloys 341
24.1 Introduction 341
24.2 Conclusions of the Thermodynamic Theory of High-Temperature Stability of Amorphous Alloys 342
24.3 Thermodynamic Analysis of the Possibility of Purifying an Amorphous Phase of Frozen-in Crystallization Centers 343
24.4 Method of Experiment 347
24.5 Purifying an Amorphous Matrix from Frozen-in Crystallization Centers 347
24.6 Obtaining Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Alloys by Partial Crystallization of Metal Glasses 349
24.7 Conclusion 351
References 352
Index 353