Core-Mantle Co-Evolution

Takashi Nakagawa, Kobe University and Hiroshima University, Japan Taku Tsuchiya, Ehime University, Japan Madhusoodhan Satish-Kumar, Niigata University, Japan George Helffrich, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

List of contributors vii

Preface ix

Part I Structure and Dynamics of the Deep Mantle: Toward Core-Mantle Co-Evolution

1 Neutrino Geoscience: Review, Survey, Future Prospects 3
William F. McDonough and Hiroko Watanabe

2 Trace Element Abundance Modeling with Gamma Distribution for Quantitative Balance Calculations 17
Sanshiro Enomoto, Kenta Ueki, Tsuyoshi Iizuka, Nozomu Takeuchi, Akiko Tanaka, Hiroko Watanabe, and Satoru Haraguchi

3 Seismological Studies of Deep Earth Structure Using Seismic Arrays in East, South, and Southeast Asia, and Oceania 31
Satoru Tanaka and Toshiki Ohtaki

4 Preliminary Results from the New Deformation Multi-Anvil Press at the Photon Factory: Insight into the Creep Strength of Calcium Silicate Perovskite 59
Andrew R. Thomson, Yu Nishihara, Daisuke Yamazaki, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Simon A. Hunt, Yumiko Tsubokawa, Kyoko Matsukage, Takashi Yoshino, Tomoaki Kubo, and David P. Dobson

5 Deciphering Deep Mantle Processes from Isotopic and Highly Siderophile Element Compositions of Mantle-Derived Rocks: Prospects and Limitations 75
Katsuhiko Suzuki, Gen Shimoda, Akira Ishikawa, Tetsu Kogiso, and Norikatsu Akizawa

6 Numerical Examination of the Dynamics of Subducted Crustal Materials with Different Densities 103
Taku Tsuchiya, Takashi Nakagawa, and Kenji Kawai

Part II Core-mantle Interaction: An Interdisciplinary Approach

7 SomeIssuesonCore-MantleChemicalInteractions:TheRoleofCoreFormationProcesses 117
Shun-ichiro Karato

8 Heat Flow from the Earth’s Core Inferred from Experimentally Determined Thermal Conductivity of the Deep Lower Mantle 133
Yoshiyuki Okuda and Kenji Ohta

9 Assessment of a Stable Region of Earth’s Core Requiring Magnetic Field Generation over Four Billion Years 145
Takashi Nakagawa, Shin-ichi Takehiro, and Youhei Sasaki

10 Inner Core Anisotropy from Antipodal PKIKP Traveltimes 165
Hrvoje Tkalčić, Thuany P. Costa de Lima, Thanh-Son Phạm, and Satoru Tanaka

11 Recent Progress in High-Pressure Experiments on the Composition of the Core 191
Ryosuke Sinmyo, Yoichi Nakajima, and Yasuhiro Kuwayama

12 Dynamics in Earth’s Core Arising from Thermo-Chemical Interactions with the Mantle 219
Christopher J. Davies and Sam Greenwood

Index 259