Nano/Micro-Structured Materials for Energy and Biomedical Applications (eBook)

Prof Bingbing Li is an Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University. She received her BS degree in Chemistry from Beijing Normal University in 1998 and her PhD in Chemistry from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 2007. Prof Li’s current research chiefly focuses on the novel design of hierarchically structured polymer materials with an emphasis on the design principle and the fundamental physical chemistry of polymer-based materials, as well as property optimization and the biomedical and environmental applications of these materials. Prof Li is an expert on integrating macromolecular research and macromolecular science and engineering education. She has authored or co-authored more than 40 publications. She has also served as an editorial board member for Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group), an active reviewer for journals published by the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, Wiley, and Springer, and as a panel reviewer for the National Science Foundation. Dr Tifeng Jiao is a Professor and Vice Director of the School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University. He received his PhD in Physical Chemistry from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2006. Afterwards, he worked at the Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (France) as a Postdoctoral Associate of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). His current research interests focus on the preparation, assembly and applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites. He has published 130 papers in academic journals, including more than 100 SCI-indexed papers. He is a member of the Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) and American Chemical Society (ACS) and is an active peer reviewer for more than 20 journals, such as Nanoscale, Nano Research, JACS, JMCA, Langmuir, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, etc.

Contents 5
Contributors 6
1 Polymer Nanodielectrics: Current Accomplishments and Future Challenges for Electric Energy Storage 9
Abstract 9
1 Introduction to Polymer Nanodielectrics 10
1.1 The Need for Next-Generation Polymer Film Capacitors 10
1.2 Proposal of Polymer Nanodielectrics for Electric Energy Storage 11
2 Polymer Nanodielectrics—Theory and Modeling 13
2.1 Mechanisms of Polarization 13
2.2 Theoretical Models for Dielectric Composites 15
2.2.1 Model 1: Logarithmic Mixing Law 16
2.2.2 Model 2: Effective Medium Theory 17
2.2.3 Model 3: Numerical Simulations 18
2.2.4 Filler/Polymer Interfaces 21
3 Polymer Nanodielectrics—Experimental Achievements 23
3.1 Dielectric Constants of Ceramic Nanoparticles and Polymers 23
3.2 Nanoparticle Dispersion in Polymer Matrix and Its Relationship with Nanocomposite Dielectric Constant 28
3.3 Nanoparticle Dispersion in Polymer Matrix and Its Relationship with Nanocomposite Breakdown Strength 33
3.4 High Energy Storage in Polymer Nanodielectrics 37
3.4.1 The 0-3 Nanocomposites 37
3.4.2 The 1-3 and 2-3 Nanocomposites 38
3.4.3 Ternary Nanocomposites and Nanocomposites with Complex Architectures 40
3.5 Dielectric Loss Mechanisms in Polymer Nanodielectrics 42
3.6 Polymer Nanodielectrics Containing Metallic Nanoparticles 42
4 Summary and Perspective 47
Acknowledgements 49
References 49
2 Magnetoelectric Effect in Single-Phase Multiferroic Materials 57
Abstract 57
1 Introduction to Multiferroic Materials 57
2 Fundamental Physics of the Magnetoelectric Coupling Effect 58
2.1 Ferroelectricity 58
2.2 Magnetic Ordering in Multiferroics 60
2.3 Magnetoelectricity 60
3 Magnetoelectric Coupling Effect in Different Single-Phase Multiferroic Materials 62
3.1 Perovskite-Type (ABO3) Magnetoelectric Materials 62
3.1.1 Perovskite Oxide Magnetoelectric Compounds 62
3.1.2 Bismuth-Based Perovskite Magnetoelectric Compounds 63
3.1.3 Perovskite Rare-Earth (RE) Manganites (REMnO3) 68
3.2 Hexagonal Ferrite Magnetoelectric Compounds 70
3.3 Boracite Magnetoelectric Compounds 76
4 Future Outlook 78
5 Conclusion 80
References 80
3 Recent Advances in Electrospun Poly(?-caprolactone)-Based Materials and Their Biomedical Applications 84
Abstract 84
1 Background and Motivation 85
2 Electrospinning Poly(?-caprolactone) 88
3 Electrospinning PCL as a Polymer Blend 91
3.1 Natural Biopolymers 91
3.2 Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers 99
3.3 Other Synthetic Polymers 106
3.4 Functionalization Utilizing Bioactive Molecules 111
3.5 Compositing with Inorganics and Other Nanofillers 115
3.6 Decorating After Electrospinning 124
4 Summary and Perspective 130
Acknowledgements 131
References 131
4 Biomorphic Mineralization-Mediated Self-assembly Nanomaterial and Activity Study 138
Abstract 138
1 Introduction 138
2 Biotemplate-Based Self-assembled Platinum Nanomaterial 141
2.1 Preparation of Platinum Nanochains via Octreotide Acetate 141
2.2 Synthesis of Pt on AOC Templates 142
2.3 Characterization 144
2.4 Cytotoxicity Assay 146
2.5 Electrochemical Experiments 148
2.6 Self-assembly of Adenovirus-Templated Platinum Nanoshells 150
2.6.1 Fabrication of Adv–PtNSs 150
2.6.2 Characterization 151
2.6.3 Biocompatibility Assessment of Adv–PtNSs 155
3 Fabrication of Gold Nanochains with Octreotide Acetate Template 156
3.1 Preparation of AOC-Au Complex 158
3.2 Characterizations 158
3.3 Formation Mechanism of AOC-AuNPs Chains’ Analysis 161
3.4 AOC-Au Complex 161
3.5 Microstructure and Composition of AOC-AuNPs Chains 162
3.6 UV–Vis Spectrophotometry of AOC-AuNPs Chains 164
3.7 Cytotoxicity of AOC-AuNPs Chains 165
Acknowledgements 167
References 168
5 Polymer Nanostructures Using Nanoporous Templates 171
Abstract 171
1 Introduction 172
1.1 Polymer Nanostructures Prepared by Porous Templates 172
1.2 Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Templates 172
2 Different Template Wetting Methods 173
2.1 Introduction 173
2.2 Melt Wetting Method 174
2.3 Microwave Annealing Wetting Method 174
2.4 Solution Wetting Method 176
2.5 Nonsolvent-Induced Solution Wetting Method 178
2.5.1 Fabrication of Nanospheres and Nanorods 178
2.5.2 Fabrication of Polymer Nanopeapods 178
2.5.3 Fabrication of Candied Gourd-like Polymer Nanostructures 180
2.5.4 Fabrication of Core–Shell Polymer Nanospheres 183
2.5.5 Fabrication of Curved Polymer Nanodiscs 183
2.6 Solvent Annealing Wetting Method 185
2.6.1 Introduction of the Solvent Annealing Wetting Method 185
2.6.2 Wetting Regimes Using the Solvent Annealing Wetting Method 186
2.6.3 Solvent-Controlled Morphologies of Block Copolymer Nanostructures 188
2.6.4 Three-Dimensional Nanomasks from Block Copolymer Nanostructures 190
3 Porous Tubes 191
3.1 Porous Nanotubes Caused by the Surface-Induced Phase Separation 192
3.2 Porous Nanotubes Caused by the Solvent-Induced Dewetting 194
4 Instability Studies of Polymer Nanomaterials Prepared by the Template Method 196
4.1 Instabilities of Polymer Nanomaterials 196
4.2 Polymer Fibers Transforming to Polymer Spheres 198
4.3 Instabilities of Polymer Nanotubes 200
4.3.1 Instabilities of PMMA Nanotubes 200
4.3.2 Effect of the Polymer Molecular Weight 201
4.3.3 Effect of the Polymer Concentration 202
4.3.4 Instabilities of Polymer Bilayered Nanotubes 203
5 Conclusion 206
Acknowledgements 206
References 206
6 Peptide-Based Hydrogels/Organogels: Assembly and Application 210
Abstract 210
1 Introduction 210
2 Assembly of Peptide Hydrogels/Organogels 211
2.1 Interactions and Structures of Peptide Gels 212
2.2 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Peptide Gel Assembly 212
2.3 Assembly of Peptide Gels Based on Different Peptide Building Blocks 215
3 Applications of Peptide Hydrogels/Organogels 219
3.1 Applications of Hydrogels 219
3.1.1 Application in Tissue Engineering 219
3.1.2 Application in Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy 221
3.1.3 Other Applications 222
3.2 Applications of Organogels 224
4 Conclusions and Remarks 226
Acknowledgements 226
References 226
7 Self-assembled Graphene/Graphene Oxide-Based Nanocomposites Toward Photodynamic Therapy Applications 232
Abstract 232
1 Introduction 232
2 Strategies of Self-assembled Graphene-Based Nanocomposites Toward PDT Applications 234
2.1 Direct Self-assembly of Graphene with Drug Molecules 234
2.2 Chemically Modified Graphene with Drug Molecules 238
2.3 Diverse Complexed Graphene Composites with Drug Molecules 246
3 Conclusions and Remarks 253
Acknowledgements 254
References 254
8 Nanostructured Materials in Tissue Engineering 260
Abstract 260
1 Introduction 261
2 Nanostructured Material Properties and Synthesis 263
3 Molecular Mechanisms of Cell/Nanofeature Interactions 267
4 Specific Nanofeatures and Cell Behavior 271
4.1 Nanofibers 271
4.2 Nanofibrous Microspheres and Injectable Tissue Engineering 276
4.3 Nanogrooves 279
4.4 Nanopits 280
4.5 Nanotubes 282
4.6 Nanopillars 282
5 Conclusions 283
Acknowledgements 283
References 283