Flow Visualization

Preface1 Introduction2 Addition of Foreign Materials into Gaseous and Liquid Fluid Flows I. Visualization of the Flow Direction by Means of Dye, Smoke, Vapor, and Tufts II. Velocity Measurements with Small Particles III. The Hydrogen-Bubble Technique IV. Visualization of Velocity Profiles by Electrolytic and Photochemical Dye Production V. Surface Flow Patterns3 Optical Methods for Compressible Flows I. The Compressible Flow Field as an Optical Disturbance II. The Shadowgraph III. The Schlieren Method IV. The Mach-Zehnder InterferometerV. Schlieren Interferometer Using a Wollaston Prism VI. Other Interferometric Methods VII. Dephasing Schlieren Methods. The Phase-Contrast Method VIII. The Evaluation of Axisymmetric Flow Patterns IX. Sensitivity Limits of Optical Visualization Methods X. Flow Visualization Using Laser Light XI. Holographic Flow Visualization XII. Holographic Interferometry4 Flow-Field Marking by Heat and Energy Addition I. Artificially Introduced Density Changes, Sparks, and Hot Spots II. Velocity Mapping with the Spark-Tracer Technique III. Electron-Beam Flow Visualization IV. Glow Discharge and Chemiluminescence 5 Special Problems I. Streaming Double Refraction II. Hydraulic Analogy III. High-Speed PhotographyBibliographyIndex