Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy

ForewordPreface1. Introduction 1.1 Prologue: Linear Spectroscopy 1.2 The Tunable Laser 1.3 A Catalog of Nonlinear Phenomena 1.4 Linear Spectroscopy with Nonlinear Sources 1.5 Laser Spectroscopy Literature References2. Theory 2.1 The Density Matrix for a Two-Level System 2.2 The Interactions and the Hamiltonian 2.3 Relaxation 2.4 The Master Equation and the Vector Model 2.5 The Nonlinear Polarization Density and Nonlinear Susceptibility 2.6 Inhomogeneous Broadening 2.7 Effective Operators for Multiquantum Transitions 2.8 Multiple Resonance Effects 2.9 The Wave Equation and the Detected Signal 2.10 The Recipe References3. Saturation Spectroscopy 3.1 Burning and Detecting Holes in a Doppler-Broadened Two-Level System 3.2 Crossover Resonances and Polarization Spectroscopy 3.3 Coupled Doppler-Broadened Transitions 3.4 Experimental Methods of Saturation Spectroscopy in Gases 3.5 Ramsey Fringes in Saturation Spectroscopy 3.6 The Line-Shape Problem in Saturation Spectroscopy 3.7 Experimental Results in Saturation Spectroscopy of Gases 3.8 Multiphoton and Double-Resonance Saturation Techniques 3.9 Saturation Techniques for Condensed Phases 3.10 Applications of Saturation Techniques References4. Coherent Raman Spectroscopy Introduction 4.1 Driving and Detecting a Raman Mode 4.2 Symmetry Considerations 4.3 Relationship between ?R and the Spontaneous Cross Section 4.4 Wave-Vector Matching 4.5 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy 4.6 Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy 4.7 Stimulated Raman Gain and Loss Spectroscopy 4.8 Four-Wave Mixing 4.9 Applications 4.10 Judging the Merits: The Signal-to-Noise Ratio References5 . Multiphoton Absorption 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Doppler-Free Two- and Three-Photon Absorption 5.3 Multiquantum Ionization 5.4 Nonlinear Mixing 5.5 Applications References6. Optical Coherent Transients 6.1 The Optical Free-Induction Decay 6.2 Optical Nutation 6.3 The Photon Echo 6.4 The Stimulated Echo 6.5 Ramsey Fringes 6.6 Experimental Techniques and Results References7. Nonlinear Sources for Linear and Nonlinear Spectroscopy 7.1 Second Harmonic and Sum Frequency Generation 7.2 Third- and Higher-Order Sum and Harmonic Generation 7.3 Raman Shifting 7.4 Spontaneous XUV Anti-Stokes 7.5 Infrared Spectrophotography ReferencesAppendix: Symbol Glossary-IndexIndex