Embryos, Genes and Birth Defects

The Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype: Some Basic Concepts (P. Thorogood). Mapping Syndromes to Genes (R. Winter). Positional Cloning and Analysis of Loci Implicated in Human Birth Defects (P. Scambler). Transgenic Technology as a Tool (R. Balling). Chemical Teratogens: Hazards, Tools and Clues (N. Brown). Uses of Databases in Dysmorphology (M. Baraitser). The Limbs (P. Ferretti C. Tickle). The Neural Tube (A. Copp). The Gut and Enteric Nervous System (M. Kedinger D. Newgreen). The Head and Face (P. Thorogood). The Heart (M. Kirby). The Skin (A. Haake L. Goldsmith). The Vertebral Column (S. Dietrich M. Kessel). The Kidney (A. Woolf). The Teeth (I. Thesleff).