Electromagnetic Waves

BASIC EQUATIONS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Introduction: Experimental Laws
Maxwell's Equations. Charge Continuity Equation
Constitutive Relations
Imposed Currents
Divergence Equations
Continuity Conditions
The Wave Equation. The Helmholtz Equation
Magnetic Vector Potential
Fitzgerald Electric Vector Potential
Hertz Vector Potential
POLARIZATION
Steinmetz Representation of Time-Harmonic Vectors
Parallel and Orthogonal Complex Vectors
Properties of Time-Harmonic Vectors
Properties of the Complex Vectors
Linear Polarization Ratio
Circular Polarization Ratio
Stokes Parameters
The Poincare Sphere
Jones Matrix
GENERAL THEOREMS
Poynting's Theroem. Wave Impedance
Uniqueness Theorem
Reciprocity Theorem
Equivalence Theorem
Induction Theorem
Duality Theorem
TE-TM Field Decomposition Theorem
Spatial Symmetries. Reflection Operators
PLANE WAVES IN ISOTROPIC MEDIA
Seaparability of Variables in the Helmholtz Equation
Solution of the Homogeneous Helmholtz Equation
Plane Waves: Terminology and Classification
Traveling Waves. Phase Velocity
Standing Waves
Poynting Vector and Wave Impedance
Completeness of Plane Waves
Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves
Fresnel Formulas
Reflection in Multilayer Structures
Total Reflection
Reflection on the Surface of a Good Conductor
PLANE WAVE PACKETS AND BEAMS
Modulated Waves. Group Velocity
Dispersion
The Scalar Approximation
The Equations of Geometrical Optics
Geometrical Optics: Electromagnetics Implications
Examples of Ray Tracing
The WKBJ Method
Further Comments on the WKBJ Method
Gaussian Beams
Hermite-Gauss and Laguerre-Gauss Modes
Reflection and Refraction of Gaussian Beams
On the Completeness of a Series
Further Comments on Rays and Beams
PLANE WAVES IN ANISOTROPIC MEDIA
General Properties of Anisotropic Media
Wave Equations and Potentials in Anisotropic Media
Birefringent Media
Fresnel's Equation of Wave Normals
An Application: Phase Matching of Two Waves
Gryotropic Media
The Appleton-Hartree Formula
An Example of Permittivity Dyadic
Second Example of Permeability Dyadic
Faraday Rotation
WAVEGUIDES WITH CONDUCTING WALLS
Homogeneously Filled Cylindrical Structures
Waveguides with Ideal Conducting Walls
Modes of Lossless Cylindrical Structures
Mode Orthogonality
Some Remarks on Completeness
Rectangular Waveguides
Circular Waveguides and Coaxial Cables
Waveguides with Nonideal Walls
On Wall Impedances
Hybrid Modes
WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINES
Uniform Transmission Lines
Impedance Transformation
Lossless Transmission Lines
Low-Loss Transmission Lines
Partially Standing Waves
The Smith Chart
Remote Measurement of the Load Impedance
Impedance Matching
Transmission-Line Equations: Alternative Derivation
TEM and Quasi-TEM Propagation in Planar Lines
The Coupled-Mode Equations
RESONANT CAVITIES
Separable Coordinate Systems in Three Dimensions
Completeness of Resonator Modes
Mode Orthogonality in a Perfect Resonator
Lossless Cylindrical Cavities
Simple Examples
Intrinsic Q-Factor
Loaded Q-Factor
Open Resonators
Stability of Open Resonators
Q-Factor of an Open Resonator
DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDES
Waves Guided by a Surface
Guided Modes of a Slab Waveguide
Radiation Modes of a Slab Waveguide
The Cylindrical Rod: Exact Modes
Modal Cut-Off in the Cylindrical Rod
Weakly Guiding Rods
Dispersion in Dielectric Waveguides
Graded-Index Waveguides
The Alpha Profiles
Attenuation in Optical Fibers
RETARDED POTENTIALS
Green's Functions
Vector Potentials in a Homogeneous Medium
Field Vectors in Terms of Dyadic Green's Functions
Inhomogeneous Media: Polarization Currents
Time-Domain Interpretation of Green's Functions
Green's Function Expansion
An Example: Field in a Rectangular Box
Spherical Harmonics
Multipole Expansion
An Introduction to Cylindrical Harmonics
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTENNA THEORY
Equivalent Dipole Moment of an Extended Source
Far-Field Approximation
First Example: Short Electric-Current Element
Characterization of Antennas
Behavior of Receiving Antennas. Reciprocity
Examples
Antenna Arrays
Broad-Side and End-Fire Arrays
DIFFRACTION
The Diffraction Integral: The Vector Formulation
Illumination Conditions. Babinet's Principle.
The Scalar Theory of Diffraction
Diffraction Formulas
The Fresnel Diffraction Region
The Fraunhofer Diffraction Region
Examples
The Field Near a Focus
Diffraction from a Straight Edge
On the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF COHERENCE
Background and Purpose of the Chapter
The Analytical Signal
Complex Degree of Coherence
Temporal Coherence of a Source
Spatial Coherence of a Source
Higher-Order Coherence
An Introduction to Photocount Distributions
Modal Noise
APPENDICES
Vector Calculus
Vector Differential Operators
Vector Identities
Fundamentals on Bessel Functions
FURTHER SUGGESTED READING
INDEX
Each chapter also contains Introduction, Further Applications and Suggested Reading, Problems, and References sections.