Electrode Kinetics

General considerations; polarizable and nonpolarizable interphases; the potentials of phases; the driving force; two cases of special interest; components of the measured potential; the meaning of the normal hydrogen scale; fundamental measurements in electrochemistry; measurement of current and potential; cell geometry and the choice of reference electrodes; electrode kinetics; some basic concepts; relating electrode kinetics to chemical kinetics; methods of measurement; single-step electrode reactions; the overpotential; fundamental equations of electrode kinetics; the symmetry factor in electrode kinetics; multistep electrode processes; mechanistic criteria; some specific examples; the ionic-double-layer capacitance; theories of double-layer structure; electrocapillarity; thermodynamics; methods of measurement and results; intermediates in electrode reactions; adsorption isotherms for intermediates formed by charge transfer; the adsorption pseudocapacitance; electrosorption; phenomenology; isotherms; experimental techniques; fast transients; large-amplitude transients; linear potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry; electrochemical impendance spectroscopy; microelectrodes; applications; batteries and fuel cells; corrosion; electroplating.